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1994年  第11卷  第4期

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论文
核理论室的最新研究动态与进展
艾小白
1994, 11(4): 3-4. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.003
摘要:
本文简要地介绍了中国科学院上海原子核研究所近几年来的理论核物理研究课题与进展. A brief description for the recent projects and the advances of theoretical studies in theoretical division of Shanghai institute of Nuclear Research (SINR) are given.
核模型中量子混沌的若干探索
傅德基, 刘桂民, 朱志远, 徐躬耦
1994, 11(4): 5-8. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.005
摘要:
本文叙述了高斯正交系综基础和量子混沌系统渐近行为方面的研究进展.指出:通过脱耦变换,采用等效哈密顿量的分析是关键的、足以说明统计描述得以成立的基本方法.继而用统计分析可以定量地得出混沌系统一些渐近行为的性质. The foundamental aspects of Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) level statistics and the asymptotic behavior of time dependent quantum chaotic system are described. It is shown that performing a decoupled transformation and taking an effective hamiltonian are the key points to elucidate the foundation of statistic description. The asymptotic behavior of quantum chaotic system can be described quantitively by the statistical well.
用高能光子诊断QGP的不确定性及对策
艾小白, 周宝森
1994, 11(4): 9-12. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.009
摘要:
本文讨论了用高能光子诊断夸克胶子等离子体研究中的不确定性问题,基于局部热平衡假设,对比研究新近的有关文献,发现对来自极端相对论性重离子碰撞的高能光子,仍可以从不确定性中找到某些确定的特性.我们建议实验上测得的高能光子总谱的形状可以用作为诊断夸克胶子等离子体是否存在的手段. More uncertainties in the studies about diagnosing Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by use of high-energy photon are discussed upon the assumption of local thermal equilibrium as well as a comparison study for recent literature, it is found that some definite aspects of high-energy photons originating from ultra-reletivistic heavy-ion collision may be still extracted from the uncertainties. We suggest that the shape of the measurable overall inclusive transverse momentum spectre for high-energy photons may be ...
巨共振激发的相对论效应
周宝森, 蔡廷磺, 朱志远
1994, 11(4): 13-16. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.013
摘要:
在相对论量子场论(QHD)的框架下,得到了相对论线性Vlasov方程.依此计算了球形核16O、40Ca、90Zr及208Pb的巨偶极共振的强度函数分布.结果表明,相对论效应是不可忽视的.计算得到的巨共振中心能量稍高于非相对论线性Vlasov方程给出的对应值,与实验结果比较都有较好的符合.对计算结果作了简要的讨论,发现核子有效质量和平均场自旅轨道耦合力对巨共振能量有重要影想. In the framework of relativistic quantum hadron dynamical (QHD) theory,under semiclassical approximation and taking into vacuum fluctuation, a relativistic Vlasov equation (RVE) has been derived. Using RVE and considering other relativistic effects, we have studied the isovector dipole giant resonances built on ground state in spherical nuclei.The main results show that the resonance energies for each multipole are larger than those obtained from the non-relativistic classical Vlasov approach...
实验核物理进展
顾嘉辉
1994, 11(4): 17-20. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.017
摘要:
本文回顾我所实验核物理科研人员在低能核反应机制、中子物理、核衰变性质及核结构研究中所做一系列工作,同时简单介绍了目前工作和设想. The paper reviews the research activities at SINR on experimental nuclear physics. The studies have been focused on mechanism of nuclear reactions, neutron physics,properties of nuclear decay and nuclear structure. Brief introductions are given to the ongoing research projects and future plans in the field of research.
核分析技术与材料科学
徐洪杰, 朱德彰, 盛康龙, 张桂林
1994, 11(4): 21-24. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.021
摘要:
本文扼要地介绍了上海原子核所的核分析手段以及它在材料科学中的应用,它已在表面碰撞反应动力学,离子注入缺陷工程,纳米材料和纳米加工,以及团簇和富勒(Fullerenes)等当今几个前沿材料科学研究领域中取得了较为显著的进展. In this paper the nuclear analysis techniques in the Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research and their applications in material science have been briefly introduced. Progresses have been made during recent years in studies, in particular, on the surface collision dynamics, ion implantation defects, nanometer-scale materials and nanometer-processing,cluster and fullerene.
纳生物科学领域的研究进展
李民乾, 要小未
1994, 11(4): 25-28. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.025
摘要:
纳生物学在纳米尺度上研究生物反应机理,主要包括生物大分子的修复、复制和调控等生物过程.同时,根据生物学原理,发展分子工程,主要包括纳机器人和纳信息处理系统.上海原子核所扫描探针显微学研究组在这一领域已取得了丰硕成果.本文简要介绍扫描探针显微学的发展和该所在这方面研究工作的进展与展望. Nanobiology studies biological structure and dynamics on nanometer scale, including processes such as repair, replication and regulation. At the same time, nanobiology is also extended to the fields of cellur coherence, nanoscale characterization and biocomputing and other nanoscale devices. A group of scanning probes microscopy at Shanghai institute of Nuclear Research has obtained many excellent results on nanobiology in recent years. This paper introduces the development of scanning probes...
核子微探针技术的发展及其应用研究
朱节清
1994, 11(4): 29-31. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.029
摘要:
核子微探针的发展提供了一种在微米尺度内分析微量元素的强有力的工具,用它研究海洋矿物已成为一项热门的课题.因为象海洋锰结核和海山锰结壳这种海洋矿物的生长速率很慢,一百万年只长几毫米,用核子微探针能够直接地、仔细地观察这些矿物缓慢的生长过程.核子激探针能够测量单个细胞中微量元素的成分和分布,以及它们对生物的作用.它还能研究在球墨铸铁中微量元素的含量,以及它们对球化过程的影响.目前,SINR核子微探针的空间分辨率是2mm,通过改进聚焦系统和扫描图像解卷积技术,分辨率将进一步提高.三维成像技术已经发展成一个重要分支,其中扫描透射显微技术(STIM)是一个成功的例子.因为成像技术只需要非常小的束流强度,它有可能使核子微探针的分辨率达到纳米水平. The development of nuclear microprobe techniques provides a powerful means for micro-analysis in areas with micron scales. Great interest has been shown in the applications of the nuclear microprobe for investigating marine ores. Because the accumulations of marine ores, such as deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and seamount ferromanganese crusts,are very slow, about a few millimeters per million years, the ability of microscopic analysis of trace elements brings the nuclear microprobe...
中子活化分析在生物医学和环境科学中的应用
谈明光, 庄圭荪
1994, 11(4): 32-33. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.032
摘要:
本文概要介绍了上海原子核研究所近年来中子活化分析技术在生物医学和环境科学领域中开展的应用研究工作. This paper introduces mainly the important achievements obtained recently at SINR in application of neutron activation analysis in biological and environmental science.
集团(Cluster)冲击表面研究综述
王震遐
1994, 11(4): 34-36. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.034
摘要:
本文综述了上海原子核所关于集团冲击表面的研究进展,并对集团溅射和表面形貌关联进行了讨论. A brief summary for the developments of cluster impact surface including sputtering, surface topography and the influence of topographical feature on the sputtering process, is presented.
6MV串列静电加速器进展
赖伟全, 斯厚智, 朱锦华, 李民熙
1994, 11(4): 37-38. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.037
摘要:
本文简要报导上海原子核所建立6MV串列加速器实验室的进展情况.该加速器在1992年下半年初步调试完成,随后正式投入运行.在加速器质谱计(AMS)管道上完成了14C和10Be质谱测定,并于1993年上半年通过了鉴定. Progress and the present status of the 6 MV tandem accelerator at SINR are described. The machine has been in operation since 1992 for experimental nuclear physics and applied nuclear physics studies. In particular, an AMS has been set up for 14C, 10Be and 26Al analysis of super high sensitivities.
6MV串列静电加速器质谱计的研制和应用研究
程晓伍, 刘联
1994, 11(4): 39-41. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.039
摘要:
上海原子核所在自行设计建造的6MV串列静电加速器上建立的加速器质谱计已投入使用,本文简要介绍该装置的性能特点、应用以及今后设想. An accelerator mass spectrometry facility has been installed on the 6MV tandem accelerator at SINR. The main features of the facility, its applications and improvements are described.
超灵敏小型回旋加速器质谱计的研制
徐森林, 李德明, 陈国生, 沈立功, 陈茂柏
1994, 11(4): 42-45. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.042
摘要:
超灵敏小型回旋加速器质谱计的研制已按预定目标完成,其研究水平居国际领先地位.本文介绍其研制意义和背景,概述设计思想和总体方案,并就其创新学术思想和独特技术路线、以及进一步研究任务,作了扼要介绍. The paper reviews the recent achievement of developing a mini-cyclotron mass spectrometer (AMS) for 14C dating, a key project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The background and significance of the project are briefed. Features of the novel machine, the criteria of its design, the new ideas and unique technical approaches in developing the system are described. Further efforts are being made to improve the mini-cyclotron AMS.
上海宽波段自由电子激光用户装置研制进展
赵小凤, 盛树刚, 陈明, 张锡麟
1994, 11(4): 46-48. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.046
摘要:
上海宽波段自由电子激光用户装置将分为三个阶段实施:起步阶段、前期阶段和后期阶段.起步阶段的主要目标是研制高亮度注入器.前期阶段将向用户提供红外宽调谐自由电子激光包括近红外(2~8μm)、中红外(10~25μm)和远红外(200~800μm),激光微脉冲峰值功率1~10MW,宏脉冲内平均功率1~10kw,带宽10-2~5×10-3. Shanghai broadband free electron laser(FEL) user facility will be executed in three stages:start stage, earlier stage and later stage. The major goal is the development of a high brightness injector in the start stage. IR-FEL will be provided, including near-IR(2 ̄8μm), middle-IR (10 ̄ 25μm) and far-IR (200 ̄ 800μm) with peak power of 1  ̄ 10MW (micropulse ), average power of 1  ̄ 10kW (macropulse), spectrum width of 10-2 ̄5 ×10-3 during the earlier stage.
SRCL辐射化学研究的现状与展望
林念芸, 张加山, 姚思德
1994, 11(4): 49-52. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.049
摘要:
本文介绍了中国科学院辐射化学开放研究实验室(SRCL)在DNA、组蛋白和富里烯等的辐射和光化学与物理的前沿研究方面的现状及展望.应用脉冲辐解和激光光焊技术协同ESR研究了DNA、组蛋白和富里烯等辐解和光解的原初过程及其后续效应机理,电荷转移、激发能转移和氢原子转移等的动态过程,中草药中存在的天然抗氧化剂对DNA辐射损伤的保护效应及清除氧自由基的机理,新型低毒放射增散剂的研究等,取得了具有我国特色的多方面研究成果. several novel achievements of the frontier research on radiation chemistry of DNA, histones and fullerence etc. in SRCL are introduced. Using pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis techniques in combination with ESR studies charge transfer, excitation transfer and H-atom transfer process have been explored. The polyfunctional protection effect including radioprotection and scavenging oxy radical exerted by several kinds of naturally occurring phenolic antioxidants distributed among chinese ...
辐照新材料研究和产业化概况
沙振元, 吴桂刚, 孙大宽, 徐志成
1994, 11(4): 53-56. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.053
摘要:
本文简述了上海原子核所在辐射装置和辐射新材料的研究、中试和推广状况.目前已建立起包括钴源、0.7~1MV、20mA和1~3MV、20mA电子加速器等三种装置在内的比较完整配套的辐照加工体系,其中钴源装置和1~3MV、20mA电子加速器已在国内实现了重点推广.同时针对市场需要,还开发了辐照交联热收缩、医用生物、木塑等几项新型材料及相互工艺. Brief introduction is given to SINR s activities on the research, pilot test and applications of irradiation facilities and radiation-processed materials. The Shanghai Radiation Centre at SINR has built a complete set of irradiation facilities, which include a 1. 9 ×1018 Bq 60Co source and two EB accelerators of 0. 7 ̄ 1 MV, 20 mA and 1 ̄3 MV, 20 mA in energy and beam current respectively. The SINR-developed 60Co irradiation source and the 3MV, 20 mA EB accelerator have been installed in...
3MV20mA高频高压电子加速器研制进展
李民熙, 沙振元, 赖伟全, 李烨烨
1994, 11(4): 57-58. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.057
摘要:
高频高压电子加速器提供高能电子束,以实现工业规模的射线技术应用.上海原子核所研制成了3MV20mA高频高压加速器,并已推广至国内若干家电缆工厂.本文简要介绍了该辐射加工装置的原理、性能和研制中采取的技术措施.目前,该加速器正在作进一步的改进. Dynamitrons provide high energy electron beams for industrial applications.SINR succeeded in developing a 3MV, 20mA dynamitron, which has been installed in several cable factories in China. The paper describes in brief its principles of acceleration, specifications of the system, and the technical approaches in constructing the machine. Efforts are being made to upgrade the module.
放射性药物研究和产业化
汪勇先
1994, 11(4): 59-63. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.059
摘要:
放射性药物是医学现代化的标志之一,也是一个高科技产业.本文就放射性药物的国内外研究现状及市场趋势作了详细的论述.中科院和国家医学管理局联合建立的上海放射性药物联合研究和开发中心对于基于加速器的单光子显象(SPECT)和正电子显象(PET)药物的研究、开发和产业化将起重大作用. Radiopharmaceuticals is an index of the modern medicine and a high-tech industry. The current status and market trend of the radiopharmaceuticals are discussed in detail. The establishment of the Shanghai Joint R/D Center of Radiopharmaceuticals, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Administration of Pharmaceuticals of China,will greatly promote the research, development and industrilization of the cyclotron-based radiopharmaceuticals for the SPECT and PET applications.
工业CT研制进展
强玉俊, 蒋大真, 盛康龙
1994, 11(4): 64-66. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.064
摘要:
本文介绍中科院上海原子核所工业CT(IndustrialComputerizedTomography)的研究情况.工业CT借助于现代辐射成像技术,以建立高清晰度的物体断面图象.它在工业设备或产品的无损检测和质量评价中得到日益广泛的应用,显示出远胜于常规检测手段的优越特性,并正在步入工业生产程控领域. The research activities of industrial computerized tomography (ICT) at SINR is described. Because of its superior qualities in spatial and density resolutions, ICT has been and will be widely used in non-destructive test, quality evaluation and process control.
核测井研究开发工作综述
方建国, 沈天健, 黄振光
1994, 11(4): 67-68. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.067
摘要:
本文介绍上海原子核所在开展核技术石油测井方法与仪器研究、开发方面的情况与成果. The methods and instrumentation of nuclear logging of oil wells are described.And its development at SINR is reported.
火灾报警联动系统及大楼智能系统研制与开发进展
王裕政
1994, 11(4): 69-72. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.069
摘要:
本文概述了中科院上海原子核研究所近几年来在研制、生产火灾报警及消防联动系统方面的成就,并且就进一步开发智能化大楼的新设想作了概述. This paper introduces development and recent progress of fire alarm, combined fire-fighting controllers and intelligent building control system in Rihuan Instruments Factory, SINR.
超滤膜与超滤装置的研制和发展
陆晓峰, 楼福乐
1994, 11(4): 73-78. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.04.073
摘要:
本文介绍了上海原子核所研制的超滤膜品种及特点,对研制成功的管式、板式和卷式三种超滤器的特性,及其在生化、制药、食品、环保等方面的应用情况作了简介. Research and development of ultrafiltration membrane and ultrafiltration sets developed at SINR are summarized. Specifications of several types of ultrafiltration sets,such as the pressurized tube module, plate and frame module, and spiral wound module, are introduced. And their applications in biochemistry, pharmacy and environmental protection are also reviewed.