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2007年  第24卷  第1期

核物理
两味LOFF态下的色超导
孙薇, 侯德富
2007, 24(1): 1-5. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.001
摘要:
自从色超导理论被提出以来, 通常考虑的是参与配对的夸克的化学势不相等时的情形。 当化学势的差别达到某一合适值时, 库柏对就有非零的总动量, 这就是LarkinOvchinnikovFuldeFerre(LOFF)态。 这种形式的夸克凝聚自发破坏了平移不变性和旋转不变性, 导致能隙以晶格的形式周期性变化。 在中等重子数密度区的基础上, 从SU(2) NJL模型出发描述两味LOFF态, 并通过平均场近似, 引用NG基底、 傅立叶变换和频率求和等方法得到热力学势, 进而通过热力学势对序参量求偏导得到耦合的Gap方程, 并使用数值法解耦合方程找到LOFF态的窗口。 Ever since the theory of color superconductivity was issued, it is likely to involve pairing between species of quarks with differing chemical potentials. For suitable values of the differences between chemical potentials, Cooper pairs with nonzero total momentum are favored, as was first realized by Larkin, Ovchinnikov, Fulde and Ferrell (LOFF). Condensates of this sort spontaneously break translational and rotational invariance, leading to gaps which vary periodically in a crystalline pattern. This article focuses on the twoflavor color superconducting phase at moderate baryon density. LOFF state is described through SU(2) NJL model. By using the meanfield approximation, NG basis, fourier transformation, frequency summation, the thermodynamic potential and Gap equation are obtained. Finally, the window of LOFF state is found by the numerical method.
Skyrme模型的3个非球对称双重子手征孤子
周小方
2007, 24(1): 6-9. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.006
摘要:
简要介绍了Skyrme模型及其对重子的描述, 给出了3个不同于Balachandran解的双重子手征孤子解, 并用Witten的方法量子化这些孤子, 得出双重子手征孤子质量谱, 这些孤子的空间对称性质不同, 有相同的质量谱。 The Skyrme model and its descriptions for baryons have been introduced briefly. Then,we give three dibaryon chiral soliton solutions which are different from Balachandran’s configuration. By Witten’s way, we quantize these solitons and obtain dibaryon mass spectrum. These solitons have different spatial symmetry, but the same mass spectrum.
QCD求和规则与强子物理
张劲, 左维
2007, 24(1): 10-15. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.010
摘要:
量子色动力学(QCD)求和规则是强子物理研究中的一种重要的非微扰方法, 已经成为强子物理与核物理研究中有力的工具。 简单介绍了QCD求和规则的基本概念、 方法与应用, 特别讨论了QCD求和规则近年来的发展和与之相关的一些前沿问题。
QCD sum rule is an important nonperturbative method in hadron physics, it has been a powerful technique in study of hadron physics and nuclear physics.We give a brief introduction to the basic idea, the method and its application of QCD sum rule, emphasize the development of this method and some topics in recent years.
不同能量下核束缚能的影响
郭爱强, 侯召宇
2007, 24(1): 16-20. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.016
摘要:
在不同能量下, 利用核束缚能对虚光子四动量的平方项进行修正, 分别计算了Sn核碰撞中核束缚能对反应截面中湮灭项和康普顿散射项及K因子的影响。 结果表明, 核束缚能在小x区域对反应截面中湮灭项和康普顿散射项及K因子的影响明显, 并且能量越低这种影响越显著, 随着x2增大影响逐渐消失。 We made a revision of square of virtual photon four momentum by means of using nuclear bin ding energy formula in different energy, and we also made an accurate calculation for the effect of nuclear binding energy on K factor and Compton term and annihilate term in the DrellYan process of the SnSn collision. The outcome indicates that the effect of nuclear binding energy on the annihilate term and the Compton term is marked in little x region and the effect will become more obvious with decrease of the energy and come to disappear with increase of the x.
通过中高能碎裂反应研究奇异核的结构
李琛, 叶沿林#, 江栋兴, 华辉, 郑涛, 李智焕, 葛愉成, 庞丹阳, 楼建玲, 卢飞, 范凤英
2007, 24(1): 21-28. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.021
摘要:
绍了中高能放射性核素碎裂反应实验的主要物理机制, 相应的实验探测装置, 以及从中可得到的放射性核素结构的信息, 提出可能的发展, 力求为兰州CSR上的外靶物理实验提供参考。 The main mechanism of radioactive nucleus reaction at intermediate and high energy as well as the corresponding experiment equipment are introduced. The structure information of the radioactive nucleus can be extracted from the experiments. At last, the possible experiments are proposed for the external target experiment at CSR of Lanzhou.
75As中子辐射俘获截面的实验测量及蒙特卡罗修正
史淑廷, 罗小兵#, 王磊
2007, 24(1): 29-33. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.029
摘要:
在四川大学2.5 MV静电加速器上, 用活化法测量了29—1 100 keV 能区中子引起的75As(n, γ)76As反应截面, 并用MCNP 4C程序对实验中由中子的多次散射、 注量率衰减效应等引起的偏差进行了修正, 最后将所得结果与已有数据进行了比较。 We have measured the neutron radiative capture cross section of 75As in the energy range of En=29—1 100 keV using the activation technique at 2.5 MV electrostatic accelerator of Sichuan University. The experimental data were then corrected for multiple scattering and selfshielding effects with MCNP 4C code. We also compared our results, with the existing measurement, calculation and evaluated data in ENDF/BⅥ.
在羊八井设置KASCADE强子量能器研究宇宙线膝区成分
侯艳, 兰小刚, 贾焕玉, 周勋秀
2007, 24(1): 34-39. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.034
摘要:
预期在高海拔测量宇宙线空气簇射(AS)轴心中的高能强子成分能提供对宇宙线膝区成分灵敏的一些新的AS观测量。 假定在羊八井ARGO阵列的中央设置一台类似于KASCADE所使用的强子量能器, 记录AS轴心区的高能强子, 模拟计算分析表明, 采用适当的事例选择条件, 能在有效运行1—2 a的观测数据中, 选出有合理大小的、 初能在膝区的、 由AS轴心区高能强子组成的事例样本, 并给出对膝区成分灵敏的许多新观测量的分布。 It is shown that measuring the high energy hadrons in air shower cores at high altitudes (like Yangbajing) can provide some new observables which are sensitive to the cosmic ray composition at the knee region. Assuming a hadron calorimeter (like KASCADE calorimeter) is set up at the center of ARGO array, the event selection conditions are studied for that the primary energies of the selected events range just around the knee. The sample has a reasonable size for 1—2 years’ exposure and a number of observables are shown to be sensitive to the composition.
核技术
用MC方法计算铅玻璃对核材料γ射线的屏蔽作用(已撤稿)
税举, 何彬, 王冬, 付广智, 李如松, 周百昌
2007, 24(1): 40-42. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.040
摘要:

核材料辐射出的γ射线对人体有很强的辐射损伤, 实际工作中多用铅玻璃对其进行屏蔽。 以甲状腺为研究对象, 应用蒙特卡罗方法通用软件MCNP4B程序建立模型, 模拟计算了操作人员在操作核弹头时, 弹头中产生的γ射线透过各种厚度的铅玻璃时人体甲状腺吸收剂量率。 结果表明, 铅玻璃确有良好的降低γ射线吸收剂量率的作用。
The γ ray which is radiated from a nuclear material can cause serious radiation damage to human organs, so lead glass are often used as a shielding material. In this paper, thyroid was the subject investigated. A mathematical model was established by using the general software code MCNP4B. We have calculated a series of thyroid’s absorbed dose rate when the γ ray which was generated from the warhead penetrated the various depths of the lead glass via the model. The results indicate that lead glass work well as a protector against γ rays.

基于神光Ⅲ原型ICF中子活化样品“跑兔”系统
周琴琴, 冯杰, 刘慎业, 侯立飞, 廖强, 吴玉迟, 巫顺超, 王传珂, 赵宗清
2007, 24(1): 43-47. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.043
摘要:
针对神光Ⅲ原型激光装置上中子活化样品的传递问题, 研究并设计了“跑兔”系统。 介绍了神光Ⅲ原型装置上跑兔系统的结构与布局设计, 采用气动方程详细计算并分析了样品传输过程中气源压力、 润滑剂粘滞系数及样品盒与管壁的间距变化对样品速度变化的影响。 结果表明, 跑兔装置可在2.24 s的时间范围内将样品传输到指定位置, 基本达到了系统设计要求。 数值模拟结果可对“跑兔”系统的参数选取提供数值参考。 
交叉学科
重离子照射细胞存活率计算的局部效应模型的缺陷
温小琼, 刘瑞娟, 尹利勇
2007, 24(1): 48-54. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.048
摘要:
概略介绍了重离子照射细胞存活率计算的局部效应模型, 讨论了该模型在理论假设和计算方法上存在的问题, 指出了其中的任意参数, 并通过计算检验了这些任意参数的取值变化对细胞存活率计算结果的影响。 结果表明, 细胞存活率计算结果严重依赖于这些任意参数的取值。 ScholzKraft’s Local Effect Model (LEM) for the calculation of cell survival after heavyion irradiation was briefly introduced. Basing on the energy conservation law and the definition of the dose, the disfigurement of LEM in theoretical framework and methods was discussed. Two artificial parameters were found in LEM, and the result obtained from this model seriously depends on these two parameters.
重离子辐射提高腺病毒介导小鼠黑色素瘤细胞转染率的研究
段昕, 张红, 邱嵘, 高清祥, 闵凤玲, 郝冀芳, 刘兵, 周清明, 李小达, 王燕玲, 周光明
2007, 24(1): 55-58. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.055
摘要:
探讨12C6+ 离子束辐射对用带有绿色荧光蛋白基因的缺陷性腺病毒(AdCMVGFP)转染小鼠黑色素瘤细胞(B16细胞系)的影响。 采用不同剂量的12C6+ 重离子束辐射经AdCMVGFP 转染的B16细胞, 利用流式细胞仪检测腺病毒的转染率。 结果表明, 12C6+重离子束辐射能提高腺病毒对B16细胞的转染率, 且具有量效关系。 此外, 先转染后辐射法比起先辐射后转染法能更显著地提高转染率。The effect of 12C6+ beam irradiation on AdCMVGFP (a replication deficient recombinant adenoviral vector containing CMV promoter and green fluorescent protein) gene transfection efficiency for murine melanoma cell B16 has been investigated. B16 cells infected with AdCMVGFP were irradiated by different doses of 12C6+ beam. The transfection efficiency was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results show that 12C6+ beam irradiation can improve tansfection efficiency of AdCMVGFP on murine melanoma cell B16 in a dosedependent manner. In addition, the tansfection efficiency in pretranfection plus irradiation group is higher than that in preirradiation plus tranfection group at the same dose irradiation dose.
离子束介导技术在生物体遗传改良上的发展趋势
黄群策
2007, 24(1): 59-64. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.059
摘要:
在利用离子束介导技术对生物体进行遗传改良的研究领域内仍然存在着7大研究难题值得注意。 明确提出了离子束介导技术进一步发展的技术思路, 即立足于离子束介导技术这一物理学技术平台, 注重研究两个关键性问题(即离子束介导异源遗传物质进入受体基因组的机理和受体发生异源基因重组的机制)。 在研究中完成3个有效转变(从形态学鉴定为主有效地转变为对其遗传学规律进行研究, 从对介导当代群体的变异效应的研究为主有效地转变为研究突变性状在多个世代内所表现的后效性, 从对单一性状的研究为主有效地转变为研究突变性状的综合表现), 寻找4个方面的实验证据(形态学、 生理生化、 细胞和分子生物学的证据), 研究5大生物学特性(生殖特性、 发育特性、 光合特性、 抗逆性和品质等特性)。 The 7 research puzzles in the genetic improvement of biological bodies made by ion beam mediated technique, are worth noticed. The technical ideas, including one mediated technique in physics, 2 significant subjects, 3 effective changes, the mediated evidences of 4 aspects and 5 biological characteristics, were particularly put forward according to the existing states in the field. The 2 significant subjects consist of the mechanics of the allogenetic materials entering into the acceptor and they being to be recombined. The 3 effective changes include from studying morphology to genetic laws, from researching M1 generation to the next generations, from determining the single character to the synthetic traits. The mediated evidences of 4 aspects come from morphology, physiology and biochemistry, molecule biology. The 5 biological characteristics are mainly reproduction, development, photosynthesis, bad conditionresistant and quality.
生物物理新技术在ATP合成酶超分子结构中的应用
朱杰, 王国栋
2007, 24(1): 65-71. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.065
摘要:
现代物理技术与方法的发展为腺苷三磷酸(ATP)合成酶分子的研究提供了丰富而有效的手段。 介绍了ATP合成酶研究中常用的物理技术与方法如质谱技术、 核磁共振技术、 X射线衍射技术、 红外光谱和紫外光谱技术的物理原理及其在ATP合成酶研究中的应用, 并重点介绍了新兴非常规手段如原子力显微镜、 荧光共振能量转移技术在ATP合成酶研究中的最新研究成果; 通过对比诸多技术与方法近年来在国内外研究中的进展情况, 对各种技术与方法的优缺点进行了阐述。
碳离子辐照对人肺癌细胞A549细胞周期进程的影响
王燕玲, 张红, 李宁, 郝冀芳, 赵卫平
2007, 24(1): 72-75. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.072
摘要:
选取对数生长期人肺癌细胞A549接受0—6.0 Gy 碳离子照射, 用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活率; 并于照射后12和24 h收集细胞, 用流式细胞术检测细胞周期各时相的细胞百分比, 观察不同剂量碳离子辐照对A549细胞周期进程的影响。 结果显示: 0—6.0 Gy 碳离子照射后细胞存活率显著下降; 照射后12 h细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞, 而照射后24 h, 1.0 Gy 照射组细胞在G0/G1期阻滞, 2.0—6.0 Gy 照射组细胞在G2/M期阻滞。 上述结果表明, 在A549细胞接受碳离子照射后的12 和24 h内, 1.0 Gy 照射可持续激活细胞G1期检查点, 而2.0—6.0 Gy 碳离子照射后其细胞周期进程是随时间变化的。 To investigate the effects of cellcycle progression of A549 cell induced by 12C6+ ion irradiation at different doses, the survival fractions of the A549 cells were determined by colonyforming assay; cell cycles were analyzed by FACS at 12 h or 24 h after irradiation. The results showed that the percentage of survival in the A549 cells decreased with irradiation doses. Compared with control group, the percentage of the cells in G0/G1 phase significantly increased at 12 h after irradiation with different doses of 12C6+ ions. However, at 24 h after irradiation the percentage of the cells in G0/G1 phase significantly increased with 1.0 Gy 12C6+ ions, while the cells showed increasing percentage in G2/M phase with 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 Gy 12C6+ ions. The results suggested that G1 cell cycle checkpoint was activated in 12—24 h after irradiation with 1.0 Gy 12C6+ ions, but after irradiation with 2.0—6.0 Gy 12C6+ ions, the cellcycle progression of the A549 cells changed with time.
铜团簇嵌入原子势模型的参数修正及应用
盖志刚, 李公平#
2007, 24(1): 76-79. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.076
摘要:
利用蒙特卡罗方法和嵌入原子势方法模型, 模拟了铜团簇的结构和结合能。 发现在n=2时, 理论值和实验值间偏差较大。 根据Cu2的实验值, 对嵌入原子势方法模型中的参数进行了修正。 在此基础上重新计算了Cun(n=2—21, 35和55)的结构和结合能, 发现修正后的参数适合于n=2—20的较小铜团簇。 The Monte Carlo (MC) and embeddedatoms method (EAM) potential were employed to simulatethe structures and binding energies of copper clusters. When n=2, the simulative value did not accord with the experimental result. Therefore, we corrected the parameters of EAM potential based on the experimental value of Cu2. Then the structures and binding energies of Cun(n=2—21, 35 and 55) were simulated. The results show that the values simulated by corrected parameters accorded with the wellknown ones for n<21; but in contrast the uncorrected parameters could represent copper clusters better for n≥21. So we conclude that corrected parameters were only fit for smaller copper clusters.
核能与核数据
脉冲堆有限裂变链长的数学期望值分析(英文)
刘建军, 邹志高, 张本爱
2007, 24(1): 80-84. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.01.080
摘要:
讨论了在一个增殖系统引发一个持续裂变链所需要的平均中子数。在点堆模型基础上, 考虑了在 t0 时刻系统引入一个源中子, 在 t 时刻产生 n 个中子的概率(n, t0, t), 推导了概率生成函数 G(z; t0, t)所满足的偏微分方程, 并得到了近似解。用近似解计算了GodivaII脉冲堆的有限裂变链长数学期望值, 有限裂变链期望值反比于脉冲堆的反应性。