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1992年  第9卷  第2期

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核物理
热核的稳定性和动力学效应
葛凌霄
1992, 9(2): 1-7. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.001
摘要:
本文对中能重离子碰撞中热核的形成过程和稳定性作了评述,特别讨论了动力学效应和中间质量碎片的平衡和非平衡特征. The formation process and stability of hot nucleus produced in heavy ion collision(HIC)at intermediate energy range have been reviewed.The dynamical effect and equilibrium and non-equilibrium charactristies of intermediate mass fragments(IMF) are especially discussed.
裂变产物丰中子核素的瞬发γ谱的实验研究
朱胜江
1992, 9(2): 8-12. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.008
摘要:
测量由~(252)Cf 等裂变产物的瞬发退激γ谱是获得诸多丰中子核素能级结构信息的重要手段之一.本文对这种方法的一般原理、裂变产物所涉及的核区对核结构研究的意义、国外研究状况及清华大学核结构组与国外开展联合研究的情况作了介绍. It is an important way for getting the information of neutron rich nuclides to measurethe prompt emission γ spectrum when the fission products of ~(252)Cf de-excited.In this paper we introducethe general principle of the way,the meaning of the nuclear area related by fission products forstructure research,the research condition abroad and the nuclear structure group of QinghuaUniversity cooperation with foreign scientists.
F旋多重态及其研究
赵玉民, 顾金南
1992, 9(2): 13-17. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.013
摘要:
本文介绍和评述了在中子质子互作用玻色子模型框架内对F 旋多重态的研究,对F 多重态予以详细分类,简要介绍了已有的结果,并说明了可能存在的新机制. The study of F-spin multiplets within the neutron—proton interacting boson model isreviewed,the mechanism of F-spin multiplets is classified in detail.Futhermore,the results we havegotten are presented,and the new probable mechanism is reported here.
布鲁克海文的相对论重离子对撞机(RHIC)
吴国华, 陈根海, 洪忠悌
1992, 9(2): 16-20. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.016
摘要:
介绍正在布鲁克海文建造的相对论重离子对撞机(RHIC)的概况,可达到的指标,对可能建造的探测器的要求和建议.在RHIC 期待寻找和探索的夸克胶子等离子体的实验该如何进行?理论家的预言和建议是什么. The RHIC being bulit at Brookhaven is introduced,the facility and index of which aredescribed.The proposed detectors designed by several collaboration groups vary in their scope andphysics focus.How to research QGP at RHIC?What is the plasma like?what is the QCD prediction?How to make the experiments?
核技术应用
低能碳离子束生物效应研究
姚新民, 刘宏清, 黄兴鼎, 张沪生, 丘冠英
1992, 9(2): 21-23. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.021
摘要:
本文用离子注入机提供的碳离子束处理小麦种子,观测了种子的ESR 谱、发芽率,探讨了升温和高真空对发芽率的影响,最后对离子束生物学作用机理进行了讨论. The wheat seeds,treated by carbon ion beam which is provided by the ion accelerator,are used for the observation of the ESR spectrum,the germination percentage and the variation of theseedling heigh.The influence of temperature and vacuum on the germination percentage is investigatedand the mechanism of the biological action is discussed.
穆斯堡尔对纳米固体结构与磁性的研究
杨燮龙, J.Jing, U.Gonser
1992, 9(2): 24-28. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.024
摘要:
一种新的纳米固体材料用穆斯堡尔方法已进行了研究.它们的结构可分为体积大致相近的两个部分,即晶粒与晶界,它们的穆斯堡尔参数有明显的不同.本文评述了对金属铁、γ-Fe_2O_3和α-Fe_2O_3晶粒所组成的纳米材料结构和磁特性的研究. Nanocrystalline materials have been proposed to present a new solid-state structurewhich exhibits neither long-range order (like crystals) nor short-range order (like glasses).They consistof two components with comparable volume fractions:a crystalline component and an interfacialcomponent.M(?)ssbauer spectroscopy has been used to investigate the atomic structure,the distributionof hyperfine field,superparamagnetism and interactions between interface and nanocrystal cores.
扰动角关联在表面研究中的应用
丁训良, G.Schatz, R.Fink, G.Krausch, B.Luckscheiter, R.Platzer, J.Voigt, U.Wöhrmann
1992, 9(2): 29-34. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.029
摘要:
扰动角关联方法,作为一种超精细相互作用技术,具有高的微观灵敏度,可研究局部范围的表面性质.其在表面研究中的应用已涉及表面现象的各个方面,揭示了一系列感兴趣的现象.通过测量作用在探核上的电场梯度,可辨认探针在表面的不同位置,研究杂质与探针相互作用及扩散过程.利用扰动角关联技术已经观察到探核从表面吸附位置经与台阶有关的位置到达表面最上层晶格点阵替位的微扩散过程.本文综述扰动角关联在表面物理研究中的应用以及Ni 单晶表面和超薄Ni 膜磁性质研究的最新结果. Recently,the perturbed angular correlation (PAC) technique with the microscopicsensitivity to study local surface properties has been applied to study surface phenomena.The electricfield gradient acting at the probe nuclei can serve as a fingerprint to elucidate different probe sites atthe surface,impurity-probe configurations and diffusion of impurities.The microscopic diffusion ofPAC-probes from adatomic sites via step sites to substitutional terrace sites has been observed withPAC...
辐射生物效应研究——低剂量率长时间持续照射的潜在危险
李桂生
1992, 9(2): 35-38. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.035
摘要:
本文介绍了近年来关于低剂量率长时间连续照射生物效应研究的某些进展,指出了低剂量率长时间持续照射对人类健康的潜在危险,同时也指出了各类核设施常规剂量监测的重要性,应当引起人们的高度重视. This paper reports some progress on the study of biological effect for protract exposure tolow dose rate radiation,and indicates the latent risk of this exposure for the human health and theimportance of the routine monitoring of radiation dose for various nuclear installations.The latentexposure to the low dose rate radiation would attract people s extra attention.
核谱技术在地球化学测井中的应用
方映东, 鲍海秋
1992, 9(2): 39-43. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.039
摘要:
核谱分析技术在地球化学测井仪器串(GLT)中得到了广泛应用.它通过测量地层自然γ射线、活化γ射线和瞬发中子俘获γ射线,进而取得Si、Ca、Fe、Al、S、U、Th、K、Ti 和Gd 等十种元素含量测井曲线,在通过闭合模型的软件可将元素含量测井曲线转换成地层矿物丰度测井曲线.这为地质学家评价沉积环境,正确认识储集层提供了可靠依据. The spectrum analysing technique is widely used in the Geochemical Logging Tool(GLT) recently.GLT measured the natural γ-rays,induced and prompted neutron—capture γ-raysto get the logs of concentration of ten main elements found in reservoir rocks,and through the use ofthe closed—modelling,the concentration of these elements can be derived mineral abundances.Itprovides a reliable way for geologists to evaluate the sedimentary environment and reservoirformation.
核能研究应用
秦山——中国核电将从这里起飞
何惠民
1992, 9(2): 44-49. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.044
摘要:
本文介绍了秦山核电站工艺流程并列出了主设备的有关参数,同时从多方面阐述了秦山核电站的安全性及其相应的安全设施,并指出秦山核电站的建成有着深远的意义. Qin Shah Nuclear Power Plant s (QSNPP) technological process and main equipment srelative parameters are introduced.QSNPP can operate safely,of which,the safety and the relativesafety facilities are mentioned.QSNPP s successful completion indicates the start-up of Chinesenuclear power.
原子物理在受控核聚变中的应用
王友德
1992, 9(2): 50-55. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.050
摘要:
本文简介受控热核反应过程中遇到的许多原子物理问题,对于这些问题的了解和深入研究将有助于人类更早、更有效地控制热核反应. Many atomic physics processes in controlled thermonuclear fusion reactor areintroduced.The knowledge and detail study of these processes are very useful for mankind to controlthermonuclear fusion earlier and more efficiently.
聚变堆用的核反应截面测量的新进展
姚立山
1992, 9(2): 56-61. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.09.02.056
摘要:
本文简要叙述了中子,(n,γ)和带电粒子发射数据测量的最新进展.主要侧重于气体产生,氚再生以及长寿命活化核产物的形成截面等. A brief review of some recent experimental work on the neutron,(n,γ) and chargedparticle emission cross sections is given.Reaction cross sections relevant to gas production,tritiumbreeding and formation of long lived activation production are mainly discussed.