1994年 第11卷 第3期
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1994, 11(3): 1-16.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.001
摘要:
本文概括和讨论在ＳＩＳ／ＥＳＲ．上用ＦＯＰＩ装置进行１００～８００ＭｅＶ／ｕＡｕ＋Ａｕ反应中心碰撞研究的首批实验结果：用高带电粒子多重性和低横动量方向性相结合的双重选择标准，以及横－纵动量比研究了最中心碰撞事件；基于这些选择方法，首次得到了结团（中等质量碎片）发射的多重性和快度分布，清楚地观测到中等快度源；详细地研究了集体流与碰撞参数、碎片原子序数和入射能量的关系；首次在实验上发现方位分布对称的径向流和观测到垂直于反应平面的中子“挤出”效应；引入新的方法研究了定向边流的性质；首次用所有碎片和轻带电粒子来提取和确定反应的熵值；对实验数据与各种理论模型计算作了比较． A survey of the first experimental results for the study of central An (100～800 MeV/u) on An collisions with FOPI at SIS/ESR was presented and discussed. Highlycentral collisions have been studied by using a double selection criterion which combines largecharged particle multiplicities with small transverse momentum directivities and using the ratio of the sum of transversal kinetic energies to the sum of the longitudinal kinetic energies;Based on these selections, were obtained, for...
本文概括和讨论在ＳＩＳ／ＥＳＲ．上用ＦＯＰＩ装置进行１００～８００ＭｅＶ／ｕＡｕ＋Ａｕ反应中心碰撞研究的首批实验结果：用高带电粒子多重性和低横动量方向性相结合的双重选择标准，以及横－纵动量比研究了最中心碰撞事件；基于这些选择方法，首次得到了结团（中等质量碎片）发射的多重性和快度分布，清楚地观测到中等快度源；详细地研究了集体流与碰撞参数、碎片原子序数和入射能量的关系；首次在实验上发现方位分布对称的径向流和观测到垂直于反应平面的中子“挤出”效应；引入新的方法研究了定向边流的性质；首次用所有碎片和轻带电粒子来提取和确定反应的熵值；对实验数据与各种理论模型计算作了比较． A survey of the first experimental results for the study of central An (100～800 MeV/u) on An collisions with FOPI at SIS/ESR was presented and discussed. Highlycentral collisions have been studied by using a double selection criterion which combines largecharged particle multiplicities with small transverse momentum directivities and using the ratio of the sum of transversal kinetic energies to the sum of the longitudinal kinetic energies;Based on these selections, were obtained, for...
1994, 11(3): 17-22.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.017
摘要:
中能强子与核的散射研究发现，４００ＭｅＶ以上似乎普遍存在着截面理论值偏低的现象，例如，质子－核（ＰＡ）散射、π介子－核（πＡ）散射、ｋ分子－核（ｋＡ）散射的微分戳面传统理论值比实验结果约低２０％．引入相对论动力学可使ＰＡ散射理论结果大为改善。然而，在核子层次上的各种修正对介子－核散射的理论结果改善甚小．人们正在从更深入的非核子自由度寻找原因. Traditional theoretical investigations of the hadron-scattering cross sections ina wide range of nuclei in the intermediate-energy region (above 400MeV) have revealed obvious discrepancies with the existing experimental data. It is about 20% lower than the datafor hadronic probes such as proton,pion and kaon. For proton-nucleus sacattering, an agreement with experiment may significantly be improved by introduction of relativistic dynamices. For meson probes, however...
中能强子与核的散射研究发现，４００ＭｅＶ以上似乎普遍存在着截面理论值偏低的现象，例如，质子－核（ＰＡ）散射、π介子－核（πＡ）散射、ｋ分子－核（ｋＡ）散射的微分戳面传统理论值比实验结果约低２０％．引入相对论动力学可使ＰＡ散射理论结果大为改善。然而，在核子层次上的各种修正对介子－核散射的理论结果改善甚小．人们正在从更深入的非核子自由度寻找原因. Traditional theoretical investigations of the hadron-scattering cross sections ina wide range of nuclei in the intermediate-energy region (above 400MeV) have revealed obvious discrepancies with the existing experimental data. It is about 20% lower than the datafor hadronic probes such as proton,pion and kaon. For proton-nucleus sacattering, an agreement with experiment may significantly be improved by introduction of relativistic dynamices. For meson probes, however...
1994, 11(3): 23-26.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.023
摘要:
本工作从Ｎｉｌｓｓｏｎ单粒子能级入手，计算了形变核１８６Ｏｓ、１８７Ｉｒ、１８９Ｏｓ和１９３Ａｕ作为激发函数的固有能级密度参数ａｉｎｔ和有效能级密度参数（包括核集体运动效应）ａｅｆｆ．由这样能量相关的能级密度参数计算的裂变几率Ｐｆ（Ｕ）与本工作的裂变几率符合很好． Based on the single-particle levels given by Nilsson,the intrinsic and effective(with collective effects)level density parameters as a function of theexcitation energy for the 186Os, 187Ir, 189Os and 193Au deformation nuclei have been calculatedin the range of the excitation energy up to 150MeV. The calculated fission probabilities Pf(U) are consistent satisfactorily with the experimental data when a nonadiabtic estimation ofthe collective effects was used to calculate the nuclear level density parameters.
本工作从Ｎｉｌｓｓｏｎ单粒子能级入手，计算了形变核１８６Ｏｓ、１８７Ｉｒ、１８９Ｏｓ和１９３Ａｕ作为激发函数的固有能级密度参数ａｉｎｔ和有效能级密度参数（包括核集体运动效应）ａｅｆｆ．由这样能量相关的能级密度参数计算的裂变几率Ｐｆ（Ｕ）与本工作的裂变几率符合很好． Based on the single-particle levels given by Nilsson,the intrinsic and effective(with collective effects)level density parameters as a function of theexcitation energy for the 186Os, 187Ir, 189Os and 193Au deformation nuclei have been calculatedin the range of the excitation energy up to 150MeV. The calculated fission probabilities Pf(U) are consistent satisfactorily with the experimental data when a nonadiabtic estimation ofthe collective effects was used to calculate the nuclear level density parameters.
1994, 11(3): 27-31.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.027
摘要:
本文介绍了裂变扩散模型．裂变扩散过程及在此过程中的轻粒子发射用推广的Ｓｍｏｌｕｃｈｏｗｓｋｉ方程描写．裂变率的时间行为存在暂态过程和与通常的核反应统计理论相一致的反应过程．在高能重离子反应中，暂态过程起着重要的作用，导致轻粒子发射的增强．文中还描述了粒子多重数的计算，并讨论了与核温和与粘滞系数的关系．对１５８Ｅｒ核的理论计算并与实验测量的比较表明，理论计算很好地再现了实验结果．并得到１５８Ｅｒ核的粘滞系数约为６．０×１０２１ｓ－１． The fission diffusion model is introduced. The diffusion process with lightparticle emission is expressed by extensive Smoluchowski equation. The calculation showsthe time dependence of the fission rate and the existence of transient process. The transientprocess is very important in high energy heavy ion collisions and leads to the enhancement ofthe light particle emission. The particle multiplicity is also given which depends on nucleartemperature and nuclear friction constant. For ...
本文介绍了裂变扩散模型．裂变扩散过程及在此过程中的轻粒子发射用推广的Ｓｍｏｌｕｃｈｏｗｓｋｉ方程描写．裂变率的时间行为存在暂态过程和与通常的核反应统计理论相一致的反应过程．在高能重离子反应中，暂态过程起着重要的作用，导致轻粒子发射的增强．文中还描述了粒子多重数的计算，并讨论了与核温和与粘滞系数的关系．对１５８Ｅｒ核的理论计算并与实验测量的比较表明，理论计算很好地再现了实验结果．并得到１５８Ｅｒ核的粘滞系数约为６．０×１０２１ｓ－１． The fission diffusion model is introduced. The diffusion process with lightparticle emission is expressed by extensive Smoluchowski equation. The calculation showsthe time dependence of the fission rate and the existence of transient process. The transientprocess is very important in high energy heavy ion collisions and leads to the enhancement ofthe light particle emission. The particle multiplicity is also given which depends on nucleartemperature and nuclear friction constant. For ...
1994, 11(3): 32-37.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.032
摘要:
本文论述了Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ研究最新进展中的几个问题．它们是：Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的质量分布，Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的异构与手征性异构体，Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ石墨微碳管，Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ生成形态学与动力学，……．在Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ研究中，这些都是令人感兴趣的问题． some problems in recent progress of Fullerene studies are discussed in this paper. They are: the mass distributions of Fullerenes, the isomers and chiral allotropes ofFullerenes, the microtubules of graphitic carbon,the growth morphology and the dynamics ofFullerenes, and so on. These problems are some very interesting in the Fullerenes studies.
本文论述了Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ研究最新进展中的几个问题．它们是：Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的质量分布，Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的异构与手征性异构体，Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ石墨微碳管，Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ生成形态学与动力学，……．在Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ研究中，这些都是令人感兴趣的问题． some problems in recent progress of Fullerene studies are discussed in this paper. They are: the mass distributions of Fullerenes, the isomers and chiral allotropes ofFullerenes, the microtubules of graphitic carbon,the growth morphology and the dynamics ofFullerenes, and so on. These problems are some very interesting in the Fullerenes studies.
1994, 11(3): 38-43.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.038
摘要:
本文系统地评述了中能重离子在铁氧体材料小辐照效应的国际国内研究概况．并指出了利用兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）可进一步开展的工作.This paper gives a systemic review on the recent progress in the study of irradiation effects in ferrite induced by energetic heavy ions, and also gives a suggestion thatsome experiments in this field can be carried out further by Heavy Ion Reseach Facility ofLanzhou(HIRFL ).
本文系统地评述了中能重离子在铁氧体材料小辐照效应的国际国内研究概况．并指出了利用兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）可进一步开展的工作.This paper gives a systemic review on the recent progress in the study of irradiation effects in ferrite induced by energetic heavy ions, and also gives a suggestion thatsome experiments in this field can be carried out further by Heavy Ion Reseach Facility ofLanzhou(HIRFL ).
1994, 11(3): 44-49.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.044
摘要:
本文回顾了辐射治癌的历史发展和国内外动态，讨论了重离子束与常规辐射相比在肿瘤治疗上的优势，提出了为治疗应用的重离子束的主要参数以及在兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）拟建的冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）上建立治疗实验室的初步考虑． Historical background and trends at home and abroad for radiation therapy arelooked back in the paper. The advantages of heavy ion beam in comparision with conventional radiation in tumour treatment are discussed. The main parameters of heavy ion beams fortherapy application and a tentative idea constructing treatment rooms at Cooling StorageRing(CSR) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are proposed.
本文回顾了辐射治癌的历史发展和国内外动态，讨论了重离子束与常规辐射相比在肿瘤治疗上的优势，提出了为治疗应用的重离子束的主要参数以及在兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）拟建的冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）上建立治疗实验室的初步考虑． Historical background and trends at home and abroad for radiation therapy arelooked back in the paper. The advantages of heavy ion beam in comparision with conventional radiation in tumour treatment are discussed. The main parameters of heavy ion beams fortherapy application and a tentative idea constructing treatment rooms at Cooling StorageRing(CSR) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are proposed.
1994, 11(3): 50-52.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.050
摘要:
我们建立了两台不同类型的固体β射线望远镜系统，并成功地用于实验．本文以这两个望远镜系统为例，阐述了固体β射线探测器的特点，及其在核物理实验研究中所起的重要作用． Two sets of solid β-ray telescopes of different type were bunt and used successfully in experiments.. This paper gives examples of two telescopes to describe the featureof solid β-ray detectors and their important function in experiments of nuclear physics.
我们建立了两台不同类型的固体β射线望远镜系统，并成功地用于实验．本文以这两个望远镜系统为例，阐述了固体β射线探测器的特点，及其在核物理实验研究中所起的重要作用． Two sets of solid β-ray telescopes of different type were bunt and used successfully in experiments.. This paper gives examples of two telescopes to describe the featureof solid β-ray detectors and their important function in experiments of nuclear physics.
1994, 11(3): 53-57.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.053
摘要:
本文介绍了低能Ｘ射线分析领域内正在迅速发展的一种新探测技术──平面晶体波长色散位置灵敏谱仪，它的基本原理、有关技术、应用及对其发展前景的展望． The paper introduces a new detection technique being quickly developed──wavelength dispersive position sensitive spectrometer with a flat crystal in the area of low energy X-ray analysis, its basic principle, related technology and applications. The development prospects and the future study are also discussed.
本文介绍了低能Ｘ射线分析领域内正在迅速发展的一种新探测技术──平面晶体波长色散位置灵敏谱仪，它的基本原理、有关技术、应用及对其发展前景的展望． The paper introduces a new detection technique being quickly developed──wavelength dispersive position sensitive spectrometer with a flat crystal in the area of low energy X-ray analysis, its basic principle, related technology and applications. The development prospects and the future study are also discussed.
1994, 11(3): 58-61.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.058
摘要:
本文简要介绍在Ｘ射线发射光谱测定法（ＸＲＳ）中的实验设备、研究方向和定量分析方法等的当前趋势．尽管ＸＲＳ是核技术应用的一个老的领域，但在各种形式的ＸＲＳ中，当前的进步是引人注目的．现在，ＸＲＳ是强有力的可实现的用于样品日常分析和物质精细结构研究的分析技术．This paper briefly introduces the developing trends of the experimental instruments,the study direction and the quantitative analysis methods on X-Ray Spectrometry(XRS).Although XRS is an old field in the application of nuclear technique, the recent progresses, in various forms of XRS, are dramatic. XRS is now a powerful and well establishedanalytical technique for routine analysis of samples and study of material fine structures.
本文简要介绍在Ｘ射线发射光谱测定法（ＸＲＳ）中的实验设备、研究方向和定量分析方法等的当前趋势．尽管ＸＲＳ是核技术应用的一个老的领域，但在各种形式的ＸＲＳ中，当前的进步是引人注目的．现在，ＸＲＳ是强有力的可实现的用于样品日常分析和物质精细结构研究的分析技术．This paper briefly introduces the developing trends of the experimental instruments,the study direction and the quantitative analysis methods on X-Ray Spectrometry(XRS).Although XRS is an old field in the application of nuclear technique, the recent progresses, in various forms of XRS, are dramatic. XRS is now a powerful and well establishedanalytical technique for routine analysis of samples and study of material fine structures.
1994, 11(3): 62-66.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.11.03.062
摘要:
本文介绍了国内国际核数据库，特别是实验中子数据库和通用评价中子数据库的发展和现状，介绍了国际通用的有关数据格式和国内用户如何使用这些数据库． The development and present situation of the domestic and international nuclear data libraries, especially experimental neutron library and evaluated neutron library forgeneral purpose are introduced. The internationally used formats concerned and how to usethem for home users are presented.
本文介绍了国内国际核数据库，特别是实验中子数据库和通用评价中子数据库的发展和现状，介绍了国际通用的有关数据格式和国内用户如何使用这些数据库． The development and present situation of the domestic and international nuclear data libraries, especially experimental neutron library and evaluated neutron library forgeneral purpose are introduced. The internationally used formats concerned and how to usethem for home users are presented.
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