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1996年  第13卷  第2期

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论文
奋进中的北京大学重离子物理研究所
编辑部
1996, 13(2): 1-3. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.001
摘要:
奋进中的北京大学重离子物理研究所北京大学重离子物理研究所是1983年在北京大学技术物理系核物理专业部分人员的基础上成立的.技术物理系是我国第一个培养原子核科学人才的单位,在1955年成立后蓬勃发展,教学与科研都取得了很大成绩....
极端条件下原子核性质的研究
胡济民, 郑春开, 钟云霄, 许甫荣, 安宇, 白新华
1996, 13(2): 4-6. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.004
摘要:
近几年来,北京大学重离子物理研究所低能核物理理论研究组,对极端条件下原子核性质研究取得了一些成果,其中包括原子核的高自旋态、超形变带及远离β稳定线核的性质.The recent results on the studies of nuclear properties in exotic conditions are briefly presented.These studies include high spin states and nuclei far from the β stability line.
原子核裂变机制的理论和实验研究
胡济民, 包尚联, 樊铁栓, 钟云霄, 刘金泉
1996, 13(2): 7-8. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.007
摘要:
简要介绍了关于核裂变机制的理论和实验研究的进展和进一步的设想.The brief review for the advances and future plans of theoretical and experimental studies on the fission mechanisms is given.
非核子自由度与发展核心基本理论的ABC计划
张启仁
1996, 13(2): 9-12. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.009
摘要:
在分析核内运动,特别是其中非核子自由度的基础上提出了一个分三步发展原子核基本理论的ABC计划. We emphasize that to develop a fundamental nuclear theory one has to consider various non nucleon degrees of freedom in nuclei and to make the theory relatvistic.A three step ABC Plan for this Purpose is proposed. The A pan is to reform the relatiivistic hadron field theory by taking the finite baryon size into account. We call finite size baryons atoms in contrast with points. The fundamental nuclear theory in this form is therefore a quantum atom dynamics(QAD). The B plan is to reform the...
与核能有关的中子数据和核反应研究
唐国有, 陈金象, 施兆民
1996, 13(2): 13-15. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.013
摘要:
介绍开展中子核反应研究和数据测量的重要性,并扼要介绍了在北京大学重离子物理研究所4.5MV静电加速器单色中子源上开始的中子实验工作 .In this paper,the importance of nuclear reaction research and nuclear data measurement is illutrated, and the neutron experiments on the 4.5MV Van de Graaff accelerator, at Peking University are briefly introduced.
重离子核反应机制研究进展
江栋兴, 钱兴
1996, 13(2): 16-19. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.016
摘要:
近年来,北京大学技术物理系开展了重离子特别是中能重离子核反应机制方面的研究工作,且取得了一些进展.The recent progress is presented concerning some studies on the mechanisms of nuclear reactions induced by heavy ions at the department of technical physics of Peking University.
低能实验核物理及其应用
卢希庭
1996, 13(2): 20-22. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.020
摘要:
简要地介绍了北京大学技术物理系和重离子物理研究所近年来在低能实验核物理及其应用方面的部分研究工作.Some recent studies on the low energy experimental nuclear physics and its applications at the Department of Technicsal Physics and the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics of Peking University are beiefly introduced in this paper.
北京大学加速器质谱计
郭之虞, 鲁向阳, 刘克新, 汪建军, 李坤, 李斌, 袁敬琳, 刘洪涛, 陈佳洱
1996, 13(2): 23-25. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.023
摘要:
北京大学重离子物理研究所和技术物理系研制的加速器质谱计于1992年圆满建成并投入使用.在两年多的运行中,性能不断得到改进,并取得了大量的应用成果.简要介绍其性能特点、运行情况和应用概况.The accelerator mass spectrometry studied by the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics and the Department of Technical Physics,Peking University,was successfully manufactured in 1992.In the two years routine operation,the machine performances have been improved and some application achievements have been obtained.In this paper feature of the machine,opeartion and some applications are given.
国产铌材超导腔的研制和实验
赵夔, 王莉芳, 张保澄, 于进, 王彤, 吴根法, 耿荣礼, 宋进虎, 陈佳洱
1996, 13(2): 26-27. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.026
摘要:
通过对国产铌腔的研制和探索,掌握了超导腔的设计制造和实验研究的关键技术,进行铌材改进后获得了铌腔后处理的特定工艺.在2.5K温度时,国产铌腔的加速梯度超过10MV/m,品质因素109. The research progress of superconduting cavity made in Chinese Niobium,with the emphasis on the quality improvement of the Niobium andcorresponding superconducting cavity are introduced. The designing of the cavity geometry, analysing of the RF property of the Niobium as well as its mechanical quality are described. Special procedure of the cavity fabricating and its post processing are set. Experimentally, we got the gradient of 10MV/m and the quality factor of 10 9 at 2.5K.
激光驱动高亮度电子束源
赵夔, 耿荣礼, 王莉芳, 张保澄, 于进, 吴根法, 王彤, 宋进虎, 陈佳洱
1996, 13(2): 28-30. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.028
摘要:
采用激光驱动光阴级和100kV直流加速间隙可产生宽度为50~100ps的高亮度脉冲电子束.该装置主要由光阴极制备室和直流加速间隙组成.可以用化学气相沉积、离子注入和离子束增强沉积等方法制备光阴极.通过用EGUN和POISSON程序模拟,给出了直流加速间隙的物理设计.光源采用一台主被动双锁的Nd:YAG激光器,可工作在1064、532和266nm三个波长,重复频率为10Hz.此外,也论述了光阴极制备室与超与腔结合的超导高亮度注入器的有关问题. A DC high brigytness laser driven by photoemissive electron gun is being developed at Peking University,in order to produce 50~100ps electron bunches of high quality.The gun consists of a photocathode preparation chamber and a DC acceleration cavity.Different ways of fabricating photocathode,such as chemical vapor deposition,ion beam implantation and ion beam enhanced deposition,can be adopted.The acceleration gap is designed with the aid of simulation codes EGUN and POISSON,100kV DC high voltage is...
重离子整体分离环型RFQ加速器的研究
李纬国, 陆元荣, 李德山, 袁敬琳, 潘欧嘉, 方家驯, 于金祥, 郭菊芳, 陈佳洱
1996, 13(2): 31-33. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.031
摘要:
简单介绍了北京大学在高频四极场(RFQ)加速器方面的研究情况和取得的成果,包括束流动力学研究、RFQ腔的高频特性及工艺加工可行性等.现已研制成功一台26MHz整体分离环型RFQ加速器,其极间电压达82kV,把N+离子从20keV加速到300keV.证实了这种加速器的优点和可行性. The advances and achievements of studies on an integral split ring (ISR) RFQ accelerator for heavy ions at Peking University are presented in this paper.These include beam dynamics of RFQ accelerator,RF characteristics of RFQ cavity and studies of technological design.A 26MHz Prototype ISR RFQ resonator has been built .The voltage of 82kV between the electrodes and the acceleration of N + beam from 20keV to 300 keV have been achieved.These have proed the feasibility and advantage of this...
RFQ加速器同时加速q/M正负离子的设想
于金祥, 陈佳洱, 李纬国, 任晓堂, 方家驯
1996, 13(2): 34-36. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.034
摘要:
提出了用RFQ加速器同时加速同荷质比正负离子的设想,阐述了原理可行性与将进行的实验验证. A tentative plan of accelerating negative and positive ions with equal q/m in a RFQ accelerator at the same time is introudced,its feasibility in principle and draft tests are also given.
重离子物理实验室的加速器设备
静电加速器实验室
1996, 13(2): 37-39. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.037
摘要:
1987年以来,三台静电加速器设备在北京大学重离子物理实验室陆续建成并投入使用,在科研教学中发挥了重要作用.特别在中子测量、加速器质谱计应用和核分析技术应用等方面取得了进展.在加速器的性能改进和功能开发方面也做了许多工作.The 5SDH 2 1.7MV tandem,EN 6MV tandem and PKU 4.5 Van de Graff have been operated in succession at Institute of Heavy Ion Physics,Peking University since 1987.The fuction,application and improvment work of the machinces are described separatly in this paper.
直接引出负离子的永磁PIG离子源
于金祥, 宋执中, 任晓堂
1996, 13(2): 40-41. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.040
摘要:
介绍了两种引出负离子的永磁PIG离子,它们可用于直接引出电子亲合势较大元素的负离子,如H、C、O、F等负离子.当两者均要用LaB6阴极,在饱和引出电压下,永磁边引出PIG源可获得O-离子130μA、F-离子75μA,功率消耗分别为110W和280W.永磁端引出PIG源可引出H-离子50μA,O-和F-离子1~2mA,而功耗仅分别约为40、50和100W. Two kinds of permanent magnet PIG ion sources are introduced, which can be used for direct extracting negative ions of the elements with larger elctron affinity, such as H, C, O, F etc. By using LaB 6 cathodes and at saturation extraction voltage, 130 μA of O - and 75 μA of F - ions were extracted from the side extraction PIG ion source, its power consumption is 110 and 280W, respectively, and for end extraction PIG ion source, 50μA of H -, 1~2mA of O - and F - ion beam have been...
前切割与后聚束强流毫微秒束流脉冲化系统
吕建钦, 射大林
1996, 13(2): 42-44. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.042
摘要:
对600kV束流脉冲化系统设计、粒子动力学计算、聚束腔的性能测量、有关高频电子学系统和聚束器载束实验的初步结果作了论述.The paper briefly describes the design of the beam pulsing system for the 600 kV DC accelerator, the beam dynamics calculations, the property measurements for the buncher cavity, the relevant rf electronics system and the initial beam loading experiments for the buncher.
重离子物理研究所团簇研究进展
韦伦存, 韩建伟, 钟运成, 于金祥, 赵子强, 王浩
1996, 13(2): 45-46. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.045
摘要:
对北京大学重离子物理研究所进行的团簇产生设备的研制、团簇的产生及其性质的研究进行描述.利用自行研制的一台气体载带溅射原子经液氮冷凝的团簇产生设备,成功地制备了多种金属及其化合物团簇,发现了支撑Cu团簇的“收缩效应”,最大收缩率为4.7%.研究了加速电压对ICBD薄膜的影响.发现加速电压越高,形成的Cu薄膜越光滑.当加速电压达到18kV时,得到表面非常平滑的薄膜. By using liquid nitrogen cooling of sputtered atoms in flowing gas, a cluster machine has been designed. With the machine, kinds of metal and metalnitride clusters have been successfully generated. Cu cluster s micro structure has been studied. Micrography and electron diffraction of different size Cu clusters show:Cu clusters smaller than 8nm in diameter are amorphous,Cu tu culsters larger than 8nm in diameter are in crystal form. Lattice constant of Cu cluster is ...
高剂量与高能量离了注入研究进展
赵渭江, 王宇钢, 颜莎, 薛建明, 康一秀, 虞福春
1996, 13(2): 47-49. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.047
摘要:
综述了离子束材料实验室在高剂量与高能量离子注入研究方面的新进展,包括高剂量离子注入动态靶的模拟计算MACA程序、多能离子注入深度分布计算、MeV离子引起的HOPG表面操作、MeV离子诱变右旋糖酐生产菌种、高剂量离子注入在45号钢表面形成耐腐蚀的保护层以及在高速工具钢上形成含有大量超细碳化物的耐磨层. The development of high dose ion implantation and high energy ion implantation at the Ion Beam Application Group of IHIP in recent years is reviewed.
离子原子近距碰撞过程研究
夏宗璜, 王德民, 沈定予, 马宏骥
1996, 13(2): 50-52. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.050
摘要:
对在北京大学技术物理系核物理与核技术实验室1.7MV串列加速器上进行的有关离子原子碰撞内壳层电离机制的研究进展作了简介.The work done in recent years at 1 7MV tandem in Lab. of Nuclear and Technology, Peking University, including recent work on heavy ion induced X ray emission, quasi molecular vacancy sharing, alingment effect and cluster beam effect of multi ionization, are briefly summaried.
H和He杂质行为的原位实时离子束分析
刘洪涛, 夏宗璜, 沈定予, 苟成玲, 王佩璇
1996, 13(2): 53-54. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.053
摘要:
对在5SDH2Peletron上开展的H、He元素分析研究及进展作了简介.The progress and some recent studies on H and He impurity behaviour in the materials at 5SDH-2 Pelletron are briefly described.
高分子材料辐射改性
魏根栓, 王广辉, 哈鸿飞
1996, 13(2): 55-56. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.055
摘要:
总结了作者关于电离辐射和离子注入技术在工程塑料、生物医用高分子材料改性研究方面的最新成果.The study on some applications of γ irradiation and ion implantation technology in modification of polymeric materials is briefly summerilzed. The main results obtained recently in our lab. on modification of engineering plastics, bioengineering and biomedical polymers by γ irradiation and biomedical materials by ion implantation are given.
SPECT研制及其影像研究
蔡建新, 包尚联, 王卫东, 尤江生
1996, 13(2): 57-59. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.057
摘要:
对单光子发射型计算机断层(SPECT)方面的研制和开展SPECT影像研究进行了描述.介绍了SPECT的基本组成、性能指标和临床软件.为提高SPECT影像的质量,提出了SPECT分辨率和灵敏度方面所作改进的建议和计算机仿真在SPECT中的应用.This paper introduces the research and development of the SPECT and its imaging research, the basic parts, performances and clinical software in the newly researched and developed SPECT system. The suggestions on the further improvement upon the resolution and sensitivity of the SPECT and the application in the computer simulation in the SPECT researches are also made for improving the quality of SPECT imaging.
重离子物理研究所核药物化学组的12
王祥云
1996, 13(2): 60-61. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.13.02.060
摘要:
用放射性核素标记抗肿瘤单克隆抗体(McAB)一直是核药物化学组的研究重点.研究出一个制备超纯无载体111In的方法.通过双功能连接剂DTPA环酐将其标记于抗肿瘤McAB在临床实验中获得成功.用直接标记法制备的99Tc标McAB片段在诊断胃癌方面性能优良.此外,还进行了两种标记法的方法学及Tc和Re的配位化学研究.用加速器质谱计(AMS)研究化学物质与DNA的加合作用及其遗传毒性是另一个研究方向.已测定过的化学物质有烟碱、烟碱衍生物NNK、抗蚜威等,灵敏度达到每100亿个DNA分子中1个加合物.The labeling of anti tumor monoclonalantibodies (McAB) with radionuclides has been regarded as our main aim in the past 12 years. A procedure of preparation of ultrapure carrier free 111 In has been developed. Anti tumor McABs labeled with 111 In via a bifunctional conjugating agent (DTPA cycloanhydride) were used successfully in clinical trials. 99m Tc labeled McAB fragments prepared by a direct method were also proved very powerful in diagnosis of gastric carcinoma...