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2007年  第24卷  第2期

第三届生物物理研论会论文集
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第三届生物物理研论会论文集
中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子束治癌进展
肖国青, 张红, 李强, 宋明涛, 詹文龙
2007, 24(2): 85-88. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.085
摘要:
介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所在重离子束治癌研究和治疗装置研制方面的最新进展, 以及中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子束治癌的发展规划。


放射性束辐照生物学效应及相关生物物理机理
李强, Y. Furusawa, A. Kitagawa, M. Kanazawa, 金晓东, 戴中颖
2007, 24(2): 89-93. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.089
摘要:
介绍了β缓发粒子衰变放射性束 9C辐照处于不同贯穿深度上人类唾液腺细胞的深度存活效应。 与稳定的 12C束流相比, 放射性 9C束流在其Bragg峰区附近展示了增强的生物学效应, 即细胞的致死效率明显增强。 探讨了放射性束 9C在其Bragg峰区展示增强生物学效应的生物物理机制, 并介绍了利用另一种放射性束 8B进行辐照生物学效应研究的新进展。 最后, 提出了一些利用放射性束可进行的辐照生物学效应前沿研究。 The depthsurvival effect of a βdelayed particle decay 9C beam on human salivary gland (HSG) cells is presented in this paper. Compared with a stable 12Cion beam, the radioactive 9Cion beam showed an enhanced biological effect, i.e., remarkably enhanced efficiency in cell killing, at the penetration depths around its Bragg peak. The biophysical mechanisms underlying the enhanced biological effect are discussed herein, and the latest progress in biological effect induced by another radioactive 8Bion beam is introduced. In the end of this paper, several topics concerning the frontier of the radiationinduced biological effects using radioactive ion beams are proposed.
带电粒子致细胞失活的理论模型(英文)
曹天光, 马云志, 孔福全, 杨明建, 卓益忠
2007, 24(2): 94-97. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.094
摘要:
介绍了经辐射损伤后细胞失活或存活的理论模型及相关问题的一些研究工作。重点考虑了径迹结构和能量沉积特点的新的细胞失活模型。在径迹结构模拟的基础上, 计算并分析了DNA损伤谱, 同时把径迹结构得到的损伤谱与细胞存活联系起来, 初步在分子水平上理解了细胞失活或存活的机制。The several theoretical models of cell inactivation or cell survival fraction are introduced. Emphasis is placed on a new model——Ionization Ionization Clustering Cluster model. In order to understand some of the mechanisms of DNA damage related to cell killing and their dependence on radiation quality, the yields of single track lethal events are compared with the estimated yields of different classes of complex DNA lesions calculated by a fast Monte Carlo methods.
氢键质子的运动与胞嘧啶的变异几率
赵振民, 张启仁, 高春媛, 卓益忠
2007, 24(2): 98-102. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.098
摘要:
运用Gaussian98 MP2/6311G(d, p)级的从头计算法计算了DNA分子中胞嘧啶碱基中H13质子的势能曲面。 发现有两个势阱: 其中一个对应正常的胞嘧啶, 而另一个则对应它的顺式亚胺式互变异构体。 质子在这两个势阱的束缚对热扰动是稳定的。 质子在势阱中像单摆一样绕着离它最近的氮原子摆动, 还可以远离氮原子与其它碱基形成氢键。 估算出的H13质子从一个势阱到另一个势阱的穿透几率表明质子呆在其中一个势阱中的寿命大约是6×102 a, 这使胞嘧啶和它的顺式亚胺式互变异构体在室温气相实验中远不能达到热平衡。 对这些结果的生物学意义作了讨论。 The potential energy surface of the H13 proton in base cytosine of the
DNA molecules is calculated ab initio at the Gaussian98 MP2/6311G(d, p) level. Two potential wells are found. One corre sponds to the normal cytosine, while the other corresponds to its imino tautomer. The bindings of the proton in these wells are stable enough against the thermodisturbance. The motions of the proton in these wells are oscillations around the nearest nitrogen atom like the pendulum, and may move far away from the nitrogen atom to form the hydrogen bond with other bases. The estimated tunneling
probability of the H13 proton from one well to another well shows that the life time of the proton staying in one of these wells is about 6×102 a. It is too long to let tautomers of cytosine be in thermodynamical equilibrium in a room temperature gas phase experiment. The biological significance of these results is discussed.

γ射线诱导DNA损伤中DNA浓度和剂量率的影响
孔福全, 王潇, 倪嵋楠, 隋丽, 杨明建, 赵葵, #
2007, 24(2): 103-107. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.103
摘要:
在进行辐射致DNA损伤中, DNA浓度和剂量率是两个重要的因素。 利用γ射线在不同的剂量率下对不同浓度的质粒DNA pUC19水溶液进行了辐照, 利用凝胶电泳对辐照后的样品进行分析。 结果表明, 在同一剂量下被辐照的DNA样品, 随浓度的降低DNA损伤越来越严重; 通过分析软件和理论公式得到的每个DNA上的双链断裂数随着DNA浓度的变化呈现为非线性趋势。 As two factors, the changes of concentration of DNA and dose rate are of significance in the study of DNA damage induced by irradiation. The influence of DNA damage induced by γ ray at different concentration of DNA under different dose rate was investigated. The result of gel electrophoresis indicate that DNA molecules were damaged severely as the concentration of DNA decreasing. The number of double strand breakages per DNA were obtained by the software of Alpha Innotech and theoretical analysis. It shows that the numbers of double strand breakages per DNA presented nonlinear feature as the concentration of DNA decreasing, and the dose rate had little influence on DNA damage.

质子照射小鼠组织病理损伤的初步观察
黄海潇, 宋良文, 熊国林, 隋丽, 徐冰心, 谢玲, 邢爽, 李明, 孔福全, 王潇, 赵葵, 岳茂兴, 罗庆良, #
2007, 24(2): 108-111. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.108
摘要:
利用HI-13串列加速器提供的19 MeV 质子照射麻醉小鼠2, 4, 8和16 Gy , 照射后不同时间麻醉处死小鼠进行病理组织学观察。 结果显示, 照射后各组小鼠腰背部开始环状脱毛, 病理改变为表皮细胞坏死、 脱落, 皮下水肿, 心、 肝出现小灶性坏死或伴出血, 肝细胞明显再生, 肺组织可出现充血及肺泡间隔明显增厚, 肾小球出现明显固缩、 坏死及消失。 这些病理改变在大剂量照射组尤为明显。 通过观察质子照射小鼠组织病理损伤效应, 为质子损伤的防治研究提供参考依据。Space radiation come from galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events which contain considerable protons is an invisible killer to astronauts. Furthermore, many wounded persons were injured by proton and other heavy ion radiation in a nuclear warhead or nuclear terrorism attack. However, the damage effect of proton radiation is known little in our country. In this study, the proton induced histopathologic changes of mice were observed primarily. naesthetic mice were irradiated with the 19 MeV protons dili vered by HI13 tandem accelerator at CIAE in different doses(2, 4, 8, 16 Gy). In order to observe the da mage effect, mice were killed by anaesthetic at different time point after radiation, and the tissue sections were analyzed by a histopathologic method. The results show that all of the mice’s backs began displaying ringed depilation at postirradiation day 7. Many epidermal cells necrosis and exfoliation happened, and subcutaneous dropsy was observed. There were some focal necrosis or even followed with bleeding in heart and liver. Hepatocyte evidently regenerated. A hyperaemia was seen in lung tissue and alveolar septum was obviously thickening. Acinus renis represented notable pyknosis, necrosis and disappearance. Especially, these pathologic alteration clearly displayed in high dose groups. In conclusion, protonradiation can induce different grade injury to skin, heart, liver, lung, kidney and other organs. Further studies should be made to deeply understand the mechanism about the proton radiation damage.
辐射诱导促进AdCMV-p53 转染前列腺癌细胞
张红, 刘兵, 高清祥, 谢漪, 郝冀方, 段昕, 周清明, 王燕玲
2007, 24(2): 112-116. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.112
摘要:
用腺病毒重组体(AdCMVp53/GFP)转染经0.5, 1.0和2.0 Gy γ射线辐射处理的前列腺癌细胞[PC3( nullp53)], 用克隆形成法检测细胞增殖能力, 用流式细胞分析法测定腺病毒重组体转染率和外源性p53蛋白表达。 结果提示, 辐射诱导使腺病毒重组体转染PC3细胞提高7%—39%。 辐射联合 AdCMVp53 转染组p53表达水平提高18.5%—35.4%。 与单纯 AdCMVp53 转染组和单纯辐射组相比, 辐射联合 AdCMV-p53 转染组细胞存活率分别降低25%—64%和22%—65%。 To determine whether lowdose preirradiation could enhance adenovirusmediated p53 transfer and expression in human prostate adenocarcinoma, the PC3 cells were preexposed to γ rays, and then infected with replicationdeficient adenovirus recombinant vectors, containing human wildtype p53 (AdCMVp53) or green fluorescent protein gene (AdCMVGFP) respectively (γray irradiation + AdCMVp53 /GFP infection). The exogenous gene transfer and expression were detected by flow cytometric analysis. The GFP transfer frequencies in γ irradiation + AdCMVGFP infection groups were 7%—39% more than those in AdCMVGFP infection groups. The p53 levels in the γ irradiation + AdCMVp53 infection groups were 18.5%—35.4% more than those in AdCMVp53 infection groups (p<0.05),suggesting that lowdose (less than or equal to 1.0 Gy) irradiation could significantly promote exogenous p53 transfer and expression in the PC3 cells. The survival fractions for the γ irradiation + AdCMVp53 infection groups were 25%—64%, 22%—65% less than those for AdCMVp53 infection, or γirradiation groups, respectively (p<0.05).
重离子束注入与生物体的相互作用及遗传诱变的分子机制
李珂, 张东正, 赵瑾, 张根发, #
2007, 24(2): 117-123. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.117
摘要:
低能重离子与生物体系相互作用及其生物诱变效应的应用研究在我国率先兴起, 并在应用中取得了很大的成就。 介绍了重离子注入与生物有机体的相互作用及其主要的生物学效应, 包括细胞染色体水平、 生理生化效应, 以及对DNA损伤修复、 基因表达、 甲基化修饰的影响。 总结了离子注入诱变的分子遗传学机理的相关研究。 同时分析、 比较讨论了高能与低能离子、 离子束与射线的生物学效应的异同。 提出了离子注入今后的研究方向, 特别指出了离子注入对生物基因表达影响研究的重要性。 As a new mutagenesis technique, low energy heavy ion implantation started in China for the study of interaction effect between incident ions and organism, and great achievements have been obtained in crop breeding. The article reviewed the main biological effects induced by heavy ion implantation, including physiology, biochemistry and genetics effects, on levels of cell and chromosome, gene expression, DNA methylation, DNA damage and reparation etc. It compared the differences in mutagenesis for organism by high energy and low energy ion implantation, as well as γ ray radiaiton. Future investigation topics were proposed, the emphasis of researches in future was pointed out, i.e., the molecular mechanism and effects of gene differential expression of organism treated by ion implantation.
离子束诱变水稻多胚苗突变株的筛选及其多胚来源
代西梅, 黄群策, 胡秀明, 秦广雍
2007, 24(2): 124-128. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.124
摘要:
以低能氮离子束为诱变源, 通过对同源四倍体水稻品系“IR364X”进行离子注入后在其第2代群体内筛选得到了1株具有多胚苗性状特征的突变株(IR36双), 对该突变株后代的多胚苗形态特征及其多胚来源进行了研究。 结果表明, 多胚苗突变株系“IR36双”在双胚苗性状的表现形态上有其特异性, 在同一纯合株系的群体内双胚苗的苗位有非完全双苗和完全双苗两种类型。 非完全双苗包括单胚轴单胚根双苗和单胚根异胚轴双苗这两种类型; 完全双苗也可以进一步划分为正常双苗和异常双苗两种类型。 在多胚苗材料中, 单胚根单胚轴双苗所占的比例相对较大。 其多胚(额外胚)的来源主要有4种可能性, 即双套胚囊形成多胚、 多卵卵器形成多胚、 反足细胞团发育形成不定胚及胚乳细胞形成不定胚(胚乳细胞胚状体)。 由此可见, “IR36双”植株表现双胚苗性状有其胚胎学根源。


MeV能量离子辐照拟南芥干种子和含水种子存活曲线对比
梅韬, 覃怀莉, 薛建明, 王宇钢#
2007, 24(2): 129-132. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.129
摘要:
离子束辐照植物种子所产生的水自由基对植物种子存活率会有影响, 实验中为了观察这种辐射效应, 采用6.5 MeV能量的质子分别辐照拟南芥干种子和含水种子。 这个能量点的质子无论对干种子还是含水种子都可以完全穿透, 减少了因损伤部位不同带来的差异。 实验中采用的质子注量从4×109 ions/cm2到1×1014 ions/cm2。 实验结果显示干种子和含水种子存活曲线均成肩形下降趋势,而且含水种子下降注量点明显低于干种子。 这是自由基作用结果。 同时在辐射生物学靶学说的基础上, 建立了模型, 通过参数的合理设置,很好地拟合了实验数据。
The dry and watersaturated seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were irradiated by H+ions with 6.5 MeV in atmosphere. The ion fluence used in this experiment was in the range of 4×109 —1×1014 ions/cm2. According to the structure of the seed and TRIM simulation, the ions with the energy of 6.5 MeV can penetrate the whole seed. The experiment shows that the fluenceresponse curves for the dry seeds and watersaturated seeds had distinct shoulders and reduced rapidly. The experimental results show that the waterimbibed seeds were more sensitive than the dry seeds and the reason is from free radicals reaction. A model has been constructed, and primely simulates the experiment data.


MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散
马磊, 陈启忠, 薛建明, 王宇钢#
2007, 24(2): 133-137. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.133
摘要:
为了研究 MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散, 分别使用1.0, 1.8和2.8 MeV质子和4.5 MeV氦离子分别辐照不同质量厚度的洋葱内表皮膜。 当质子穿过该生物样品后, 可以利用透射能谱测量透射离子的能量损失和能量离散。 实验结果显示, 在以上的生物样品中, MeV能量离子的能量损失值和TRIM程序模拟的结果相吻合, 但是透射离子的能量离散值却与TRIM程序模拟结果有很大的不同。 结合生物样品的结构不均匀的特性, 对Bohr能量离散理论进行了修正, 并发现修正后的Bohr能量离散理论计算结果与实验值符合得很好。
重离子生物分子作用中的电子能损
朱宝珠, 张丰收, #, 王志萍, 顾斌, 周宏余
2007, 24(2): 138-141. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.138
摘要:
对重离子与生物分子相互作用中能量损失的物理机制进行了分析和讨论, 对现有电子能量损失的研究进展进行了评述, 指出将要研究的方向。
单峰高斯分布适应面上的误差阈
冯晓利, 李玉晓
2007, 24(2): 142-146. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.142
摘要:
在Eigen的单峰适应面模型基础上,提出了生物体的适应值为高斯分布的随机适应面模型。 利用系综平均的方法, 计算了在单峰高斯分布适应面上准物种的浓度分布和误差阈。 结果表明, 对于小的适应面涨落, 准物种分布和误差阈与确定情形相比变化极小,误差阈对于小的涨落是稳定的。 然而, 当适应值涨落较大时,从准物种到误差灾变的转变不再明显。 误差阈变宽, 并且在涨落增加时向大的突变率方向移动。
Based on the Eigen model with a single peak fitness landscape, the fitness values of all sequence types are assumed to be random with Gaussian distribution. By ensemble average method, the concentration distribution and error threshold of quasispecies on single peak Gaussian distributed fitness landscapes were evaluated. It is shown that the concentration distribution and error threshold change little in comparing with deterministic case for small fluctuations, which implies that the error threshold is stable against small perturbation. However, as the fluctuation increases, the situation is quite different. The transition from quasispecies to error catastrophe is no longer sharp. The error threshold becomes a narrow band which broadens and shifts toward large values of error rate with increasing fluctuation.
介入、腹腔热灌洗、微泵三途径治疗胃肠道癌
罗光辉, 李文建
2007, 24(2): 147-150. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.147
摘要:
对157例胃肠道癌切除术后病人, 随机分成术中腹腔温热灌洗化疗联合术后置泵持续动脉灌注及静脉微泵化疗组72例(简称治疗组)、单纯静脉化疗组85例(简称对照组), 并对其腹腔转移率、 肝转移率及3 a生存率进行对照研究, 取得了较满意的临床疗效。 术中腹腔温热灌洗化疗联合术后置泵持续动脉灌注及静脉微泵化疗三途径综合治疗对胃肠道癌病人术后腹腔转移及肝转移有良好的防治作用。 157 cases of gastrointestinal cancer patients after resection were randomly divided into treated group and control group. The treated group (intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy combined with postoperative continuous intraarterial infusion and intravenous micropump chemotherapy) consisted of 72 cases, the control group (Intravenous chemotherapy), 85 cases. The peritoneal and hepatic metastasis rates and 3 a survival rate were studied. The intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy combined with the postoperative continuous intraarterial infusion and intravenous micropump chemotherapy is an effective way to control the recurrence on the peritoneal and hepatic metastasis of advanced gastrointestinal neoplasms after operation.


核电站乏燃料对生物圈的影响及ADS 对策
史永谦
2007, 24(2): 151-155. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.151
摘要:
介绍了核电发展状况和核电产生的乏燃料中的锕系及长寿命裂变产物核素, 在毒性方面评述了这些核素对生物圈的影响, 最后提出用加速器驱动的次临界系统嬗变核废物的对策, 以减轻或消除核废物对生物圈的影响。

The current status of nuclear power development and the actinides and some Long Lived Fission Products (LLFPs) in nuclear power spent fuel have been introduced. The radiation effect of spent fuel on biological circle in the viewpoint of Biological Hazard Potential (BHP) and Annual Limit of Intake were evaluated. The Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (ADS) as a strategy to transmute Minor Actinides (MAs) and LLFPs was recommended in order to reduce or eliminate the radiation effect of spent fuel on biological circle.
轴向拉伸对Ni纳米线结构和稳定性的影响
滕玉永, 曾祥华#, 张海燕
2007, 24(2): 156-159. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.156
摘要:
采用推广模拟退火算法和SuttonChen势, 选取fcc[111]结构的Ni纳米线为初始构型, 研究了轴向拉伸对Ni纳米线的结构和稳定性的影响。 研究结果表明: 拉伸程度的大小对Ni纳米线的结构和稳定性有很大的影响; 随着拉伸强度的变化, 纳米线结构分别为fcc[111]结构、 (6, 0)型管+中心柱状结构(又为螺旋结构)、 (6, 3) 型管+中心柱状结构、 fcc[110]结构、 过渡结构(为规则结构)和缺陷结构; 从结合能分布来看, 结合能先减小, 再增大, 结合能最小时对应最稳定结构 (6, 0) 型管+中心柱状结构(又为螺旋结构)。

Atomic structures and stabilities of Ni nanowires are studied by using the generalized simulated annealing method with SuttonChen potential. The initial structure is facecentered cubic [111] structure. The result shows that the length of the supercell strongly affects the structures and stabilities of Ni nanowires. fcc [111] structure, (6, 0), (6, 3) nanowires, fcc[110], transition structure and defect structure are found for different wire lengths. And from the analyses of the binding energy, it is found that (6, 0) nanowires (helical structure) is the most stable form.
Ar 原子内嵌对C60 富勒烯碰撞的影响
赵强, 张丰收, , 周宏余
2007, 24(2): 160-163. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.24.02.160
摘要:
基于半经验势的分子动力学模型, 研究了相同能量下 C60 +C60 与 Ar@C60 +Ar@C60 的对心碰撞后形成的富勒烯结构的不同。 发现在相同的能量下, Ar@C60 +Ar@C60 形成的碰撞产物的结构相比 C60 +C60 碰撞产物的结构有着明显的不同: 前者形成“花生”状的新富勒烯结构, 后者形成“哑铃”状的双富勒烯结构。