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2008年  第25卷  第4期

核物理
核物质中△(1 232)粒子的介质效应
李永青, 李希国, #
2008, 25(4): 317-321. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.317
摘要:
利用手征有效场论, 通过对核物质中核子传播子的修正, 研究了核物质中的△(1 232)粒子的有效质量和衰变宽度。 发现△(1 232)粒子的有效质量随核物质密度的增加而减小, 而衰变宽度随核物质密度的增加而增加; △(1 232)粒子衰变宽度的变化主要取决于核子有效质量以及△(1 232)粒子有效质量的变化。 Based on the chiral effective field theory (CHEFT), we study the effective mass and decay width of △(1 232) in the nuclear matter with the modified nucleon propagator. We find that the effective mass of △(1 232) decreases, while the decay width of △(1 232) increases with increasing the density of nuclear matter. And the decay width of △(1 232) mainly depends on the effective masses of nucleon and △(1 232)
19F+27Al耗散反应产物激发函数的长程关联
韩建龙, 王琦, #, 白真, 董玉川, 李松林 段利敏, 徐瑚珊, 徐华根, 陈若富, 吴和宇, 李志常, 路秀琴, 赵葵, 周平, 刘建成, 许国基, Sergey Yu Kun
2008, 25(4): 322-326. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.322
摘要:
在中国原子能科学研究院的HI 13串列静电加速器上完成了19F+27Al耗散反应产物的激发函数测量。 束流19F的入射能量从110.25 MeV到118.75 MeV, 步长250 keV, 测量了实验室系+57°, +31°, -15°和-29°出射的类弹产物B, C, N, O, F和Ne的激发函数。 观测到激发函数具有耗散反应的特征涨落结构, 分析了激发函数之间的长程角度关联以及强烈的电荷数关联。 Excitation functions have been measured for the projectilelike fragments of B, C, N, O, F and Ne in the 27Al(19F,x)y reactions at incident energies from 110.25 MeV to 118.75 MeV in 250 keV steps. Strong cross section fluctuations in the excitation functions has been observed. The crosscorrelation coefficients of the excitation functions for different atomic number Z and for different scattering angle θ cm have been deduced. These coefficients are much larger than the statistical theoretical calculated ones. This indicates that there are strong correlations between different exit channels in the dissipative heavy ion collision of 27Al(19F, x)y.
重离子反应中质子与中子转移对超重元素合成的影响
黄明辉, 甘再国, 周小红, 李君清, #
2008, 25(4): 327-331. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.327
摘要:
研究了采用类弹碎片质量数为变量的一维(1D)主方程(ME)描述重离子熔合反应时的受限制条件, 建立了以类弹碎片中子和质子数为独立变量的二维(2D) ME, 并采用分步差分格式法数值解(2D) ME得到了熔合几率。 新的方法适用于研究任何弹靶组合系统, 给出了与实验符合更好的结果, 为寻求合成超重核的反应道提供了更为宽阔的选择空间。 同时也研究了弹靶的不同同位旋组合对复合核形成截面的影响。 The limitation of the one dimensional master equation with the mass number of projectlike fragment as the variable is discussed. A twodimensional master equation with neutron and proton numbers of the projectlike fragment as variables is set up, and solved numerically by means of a two step difference scheme to obtain fusion probability. The new equation is suitable for studying fusion reactions with any projectiletarget combination, and can better fit the experimental data, so that it can provide a large probability to choose the reaction system for synthesizing a certain superheavy nucleus. The influence of projectiletarget combinations with different isospins on the crosssections of compound nuclei is studied.
原子核高K同质异能态的诱发γ辐射
石钰, 田文栋, #, 马余刚, 蔡翔舟, 方德清, 王鲲, 陈金根, 王宏伟, 郭威
2008, 25(4): 332-341. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.332
摘要:
介绍了原子核高K同质异能态潜在的应用价值及国内外研究的进展。 总结了形成同质异能态的3种主要物理机制。 说明了高K同质异能态的应用原理是将其激发到更高的不稳定的K混合态上, 再发生诱发退激, 形成γ瀑, 释放其存储的能量。 同时又介绍了K混合态的3种主要产生机制。 最后分析了178Hfm2诱发退变的实验, 讨论了这些实验的区别和与角动量投影壳模型计算结果的差异。
The nuclear isomer states have great potential value of application. The important experimental and theoretical researches are presented here. There are three kinds of physics mechanism for the formation of the isomer states. The principle of releasing the energy stored in the isomer is to excite it to higher states, Kmixing states, which can spontaneously decay to the ground state forming the γcascade. After introducting the three ways to form the Kmixing states, we analyzed experiments on the most prospective isomer 178Hfm2, discussed the key differences between these experiments and suggested that the Projected Shell Model (PSM) can be helpful to confirm the occurrence of the  Kmixing states and would work out characteristics of the induced decay.
入射粒子与靶相互作用中电子能损的高阶修正
朱宝珠, 张丰收, #, 罗飞, 李旸, 石颂剑, 王雄, 赵强, 周宏余
2008, 25(4): 342-346. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.342
摘要:
研究了在较高能入射离子(He离子、 12C离子)与靶相互作用中电子能量损失的物理机制, 分别探讨了电子能量损失中的相对论修正、 壳修正、 密度修正以及Barkas效应和Bloch效应等修正的贡献, 发现壳修正、 Barkas效应修正和Bloch效应修正在能量小于100 MeV时是重要的, 而相对论修正和密度修正是在能量大于100 MeV时起作用。 加入各种修正项之后, 电子阻止本领的计算结果和实验值(ICRU49)符合更好。 The mechanisms of electronic energy loss in the process of incident particles interaction with Si and Al2O3 at proper energies are investigated. The contribution to the electronic energy loss from highorder corrections, such as the relativistic correction, the shell correction, the density correction, the Barkaseffect correction and the Bloch effect correction are discussed respectively. It is found that the shell correction, the Barkaseffect correction and the Blocheffect correction are important at low energies, the relativistic correction and the density correction are important at high energies. The calculated results with these higherorder corrections are in good agreement with the experiment data (ICRU49).
加速器
非对称大角度矩形切割磁铁杂散磁场的影响
原有进, 魏宝文, 何源, 马力桢, 夏佳文
2008, 25(4): 347-349. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.347
摘要:
切割磁铁是环型加速器常用的注入引出元件之一, 其在非偏转方向上对束流的影响, 直接关系到注入引出束流的轨道匹配。 对大角度非对称矩形切割磁铁杂散磁场的影响进行了分析, 指出其在非偏转方向上对束流有一定的偏转量, 而且此偏转量是不可忽略的。 另外, 介绍了HIRFLCSR主环注入切割磁铁对注入轨道匹配的影响, 并提出了一种补偿方案, 进行了初步的补偿。 As important components, magnet septums are often used to separate beams inside and outside ring accelerators. If the septum has bending effect on nonintended bending direction, it will influence orbit matching. The fringing field effects of nonsymmetrical large angle rectangular type septum is investigated in this paper. In some condition, the nonintended bending can’t be neglected. One of the method to compensate the nonintended bending of septum is introduced in CSRm injection line.
SFC引出静电偏转板高压放电的研究
李兆龙, 满开第, #, 郭秋衔, 杨雅清
2008, 25(4): 350-354. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.350
摘要:
根据SFC引出静电偏转板的特殊工作环境和运行中发生的现象, 对其高压放电机理进行了深入的研究和大量的电磁场计算。 计算结果表明, 在电场和磁场的共同作用下, 盖板损伤的发生部位与实际运行中的打火痕迹完全符合。 最后阐述了SFC引出偏转板的高压放电过程, 并对其改进措施进行了研究。Due to the special working conditions of the SFC extraction deflector, the breakdown of the deflector is a serious problem. Based on the electromagnetic field calculations and the analysis of electrons and ions in the field, the breakdown mechanism was investigated. The calculated results about the electron hitting spots on the liners are consistent with the observed ones in the operation. At last, an improvement method of the deflector is suggested by using aluminum cathode and combined liners
HIRFL-CSR实验环中束流损失机制及寿命研究
薛迎利, 蔡晓红, #, 于得洋
2008, 25(4): 355-361. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.355
摘要:
分析了在储存环中回旋的离子束与残余气体分子、 内靶和冷却电子束相互作用时的损失机制及相应的束流寿命, 针对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环实验环内靶模式, 计算了50—500 MeV/u 12C6+, 36Ar18+, 132Xe54+和 238U92+等束流在各种损失机制影响下所对应的束流寿命和总的束流寿命。 结果表明: 影响束流寿命的主要因素是与内靶分子(原子)之间的电荷交换及与冷却电子束之间的辐射复合; 对于重离子束 132Xe54+和 238U92+, 与冷却电子束之间的辐射复合是影响其储存寿命的主要因素。The loss mechanism and lifetime of ion beams in collisions with residual gas, internal target and electrons in ecooler in heavy ion cooler storage rings were studied. The partial beam lifetimes resulting from various loss mechanisms and the total beam lifetimes of 50—500 MeV/u12C6+, 36Ar18+, 132Xe54+ and 238U92+ stored in the experimental ring of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFLCSR) were calculated. The calculations indicate that the charge exchange process between ion beams and the internal target, as well as the radiative recombination process with the electrons in ecooler restrict the beam lifetime considerably. For heavy ion beams such as 132Xe54+ and 238U92+, the radiative recombination is the dominant loss mechanism
核技术
基于钚特征γ谱的核弹头模板技术可行性研究
王冰, 张松柏, 伍钧
2008, 25(4): 362-367. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.362
摘要:
基于核弹头钚特征γ谱的模板测量技术是深度核裁军核查的重要技术手段之一。 以Monte Carlo数值模拟为手段, 计算假想核弹头γ射线的输运过程, 分析在可能的核查场景中, 通过构建基于特征γ谱子能区计数的相对测量的比对匹配算法, 分析并建立了由成分匹配和结构匹配组成的核弹头模板测量技术, 该方法较好地消除了绝对测量距离误差和时间误差的影响。The nuclear warhead detecting technology based on a template with γ spectrum of Plutonium is an important verification means in the deepirreversible nuclear disarmament. In order to obtain the γray spectra, γray transportation processing for the hypothesis nuclear warhead model has been simulated. In a possible nuclear disarmament verification case, the template matching algorithm based on the relative counts of the explored γ spectrum of Plutonium in subenergy region is built up, and the template technology of nuclear warhead composed of element matching and structure matching is established. This method could eliminate the effect of the error caused by the detecting distance and time.
252Cf 源驱动噪声测量信号分析及其时域计算机模拟
裴慧霞, 王银峰, 魏彪
2008, 25(4): 368-374. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.368
摘要:
252Cf 源驱动噪声测量是指Rossi-α和随机脉冲中子同时测量, 这种方法能测量与次临界中子增殖因子相关的量。 简述了 252Cf源驱动噪声测量的原理、 特点, 并对该方法测量结果做了简单分析, 并给出了该测量方法的时域计算机模拟。 Source driven noise measurements are simultaneous Rossi-α and randomly pulsed neutron measurements that provide measured quantities that can be related to the subcritical neutron multiplication factor. A brief theory and characteristic description of 252Cf sourcedriven noise measurements is given as well as a brief analysis and time domain computer simulation of sourcedriven noise measurement results
宏观尺寸弯曲石英管对中低能电子束的导向作用
漆德君, 于得洋#, 王伟, 张明武, 蔡晓红#
2008, 25(4): 375-379. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.375
摘要:
研究了宏观尺寸的弯曲圆柱形石英管对 1 100, 1 300和1 500 eV 3种能量电子束的导向作用, 并对实验结果与相同材质和尺寸的直管的情形进行了分析对比。 实验中利用一个位置灵敏法拉第筒对从石英管出射的电子束进行探测, 获得从管道中出射的电子束流强度在位置灵敏法拉第筒各道上的分布, 其结果显示宏观尺寸石英管对电子束存在导向作用。 与慢速高电荷态离子和绝缘毛细管相互作用的物理过程类似, 这种导向效应是由电荷在管壁内表面自组织充电引起的。 实验还发现, 入射电子束流的强度越强, 其导向作用越明显, 这与微观尺寸毛细管对慢速高电荷态离子的导向作用不同。 石英管导向能力与管的尺寸、 形状及材料之间的关系还有待进一步的系统研究。
It was inevstigated in the experiment that the guiding effect of electron beam with energy of 1 100, 1 300 and 1 500 eV through a bended cylindrical quartz tube with macrosized. A position sensitive Faraday cup was developed and used to detect the electron beam transmitted through the quartz tube, and the distribution of transmitted beam current on each channel of the Faraday cup was acquired. Results indicate the existence of guiding effect which is due to the selforganized chargeup in the inner wall of the quartz tube similar to that of the highly charged ions. We also found that the guiding ability of the tube is related to the incident beam intensity. The relationship between the guiding ability and the material as well as the size of the tube is to be studied in the near future.
黄冶窑唐三彩原料产地的研究
董军领, 赵维娟, #, 刘国栋, 承焕生, 廖永民, 张松林
2008, 25(4): 380-384. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.380
摘要:
选取黄冶窑唐三彩样品18个, 用质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)分析技术测量每个样品的氧化物含量, 然后用主成分分析法对测量数据进行分析, 以确定它们的分类和起源关系。 结果表明: 不同釉色的唐三彩胎的化学成分相近, 说明胎的原料产地分布比较集中; 而不同釉色的釉料配方不同, 其中蓝釉中CoO的含量高, 绿釉中CuO含量明显高于其它釉色, 棕色和黄色釉中Fe2O3的含量高, 白釉中Al2O3的含量低, 而SiO2的含量高, 说明釉的原料来源也有差异, 但是棕色釉和黄色釉的化学组分相近甚至相同。 By using the proton induced Xray enission (PIXE) method, the measurements of the oxide compound content have veen carried out for the selected 18 samples of Tang tricolor in Huangye kiln. For ascertaining the classification and origin relation of the samples the principal component analysis method was adopted, and the results indicate that the chemical compositions of Tang tricolor body with diggerent glaze colors are close, which shows that their raw material habitat distribution is quite concentrative. But the prescriptions of diffierent color glaze are different. The content of CoO is more than others in blue glaze; CuO is more than others in green glaze; Fe2O3 is more than others in brown and yellow glaze; Al2O3 is less than others but
SiO2is more in white glaze, which shows that glaze’s material origin is diffierent, but brown and yellow glaze are close and even the same in chemistry component.
交叉学科
真空、低能离子注入对人宫颈癌(HeLa)细胞中 p53及c-fos mRNA的表达影响
张凤秋, 方华圣, 押辉远, 秦广雍
2008, 25(4): 385-390. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.385
摘要:
在具有高效护水功能石蜡油的保护下进行了人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa细胞)的低能离子注入及真空处理, 用荧光定量PCR的方法分别研究了真空和30 keV N+的不同注入剂量下, 细胞中p53基因和c-fos基因的mRNA表达变化。 结果表明, 上述两个基因的表达与真空及低能离子注入之间存在着剂量关系。
X射线致HeLa细胞损伤过程中NADPH氧化酶的作用
杜斌斌, 刘箐, 张维胜, 王晓妍, 贾鹏飞, 王小虎, 李莎, 杨熊飞, 张红, 郭天康, #
2008, 25(4): 391-396. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.391
摘要:
以HeLa细胞为实验材料, 探讨了NADPH氧化酶在X射线诱导细胞损伤过程中的作用。 结果显示, 12 Gy X射线辐照后细胞内活性氧(ROS)明显增加, 在用NADPH氧化酶抑制剂处理后再辐照, 则细胞内ROS降低到未辐照水平; 同时辐照后NADPH 氧化酶细胞质亚基p47phox 在细胞质积聚并和细胞膜亚基 gp91phox 结合; Western blotting检测结果显示, NADPH 氧化酶的关键亚基 gp91phox 的表达量明显增加。 以上结果说明, NADPH氧化酶可以被X射线激活, 由其介导产生的ROS在X射线诱导HeLa细胞损伤过程中扮演重要角色。 To investigate the role of NADPH oxidase in HeLa cell lesion induced by Xray irradiation, the change of cell survival was detected with MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer. Immunostaining and confocal laserscanning microscopy was employed to detect the colocalization of two subunit of NADPH oxidase, p47phox and gp91phox in the cell. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of gp91phox before and after Xray irradiation. After Xray irradiation, intracellular level of ROS increased obviously. But the increase could be blocked by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Meanwhile, cytosolic subunit p47phox moved to membrane and colocalizated with gp91phox after
irradiation. Moreover, the results also show that gp91phox increased sharply after 12 Gy Xray irradiation. Therefore, NADPH oxidasemediated production of ROS plays an important role in HeLa cell lesion induced by Xray.
低能离子注入E.coli K12的 HRS/IRR效应及recA 基因在其诱发中的作用
杨天佑, 李培睿, 田静, 李宗伟, 秦广雍
2008, 25(4): 397-401. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.397
摘要:
以MG1655(野生型), LE392(recA-)和DH5α(recA-)3株E.coliK12菌株为材料, 研究了30 keV N+离子注入E.coli K12时HRS/IRR效应的诱发情况及recA 基因在其诱发中的作用。 结果显示: 小于10×1014ions/cm2低剂量离子注入大肠杆菌可诱发HRS/IRR效应; 30 keV N+离子注入MG1655, LE392菌株都可诱发HRS/IRR效应, 而在DH5α菌株中无法诱导 IRR效应。 recA-与HRS/IRR 效应相斥性表明recA 基因在HRS/IRR效应的诱发中发挥了重要作用。 The HRS/IRR in Escherichia coli had been investigated withE.coli K12 wild strain MG1655 irradiated by the 30 keV N+. The curve of the dosesurvival effect showed the 30 keV N+ ion could induce the HRS/IRR at the dose less than 10×1014 ions/cm2. Moreover, the effect of recA gene in HRS/IRR inducement had been researched with three E.coli K12 strains, wild strain MG1655, LE392 (recA+) and DH5α(recA-). The results showed the IRR was disappeared in recA- DH5α strain, but the HRS/IRR appeared in wild strain MG1655 and recA+ LE392, which suggested that recA  gene and the DNA damages & their repairs including recA gene were essential element in HRS/IRR inducement.
C离子束放射治疗肿瘤的进展
魏世华, 刘倩
2008, 25(4): 402-408. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.402
摘要:
重离子(C离子)用于肿瘤放射治疗具有物理学和生物学两方面的优势, 被誉为面向21世纪最佳放疗用射线。 综合论述了世界各国重离子束治癌的发展历史, 在日本国立放射医学综合研究所(NIRS)提供的临床试验数据基础上分析了C离子束治疗的适应症以及对正常组织的放射损伤。 此外, 通过分析潜在患者人数和治疗相关硬件与软件设备, 对C离子束治癌的运用前景做了初步评估。Heavy ions (carbon ions) were considered currently as the best radiation in radiotherapy for their two superiorities in the physical and biological properties. This paper firstly put the focus on the history of development of heavyion radiotherapy in the world, then a comprehensive analysis of the indications and radiation damages of normal tissues in clinical trails of heavyion therapy was made based on the published data by NIRS. Moreover, the prospect of using carbon ions in radiotherapy was estimated by analyzing the potential patients’ number, its related instruments and etc.
不同辐照源对黑松花粉粒的生物学效应
黄群策, 梁秋霞, 李国平
2008, 25(4): 409-413. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.409
摘要:
研究了N+离子束、 紫外线和γ射线辐照对黑松花粉粒的影响, 对3种辐射源在诱发花粉粒细胞出现损伤效应上的差异性进行了比较分析。 研究结果表明, 3种辐照源对黑松花粉粒萌发和花粉管生长所表现出的效应存在明显的差异。 γ射线的剂量效应曲线表现为近S型; 紫外线辐照的剂量效应曲线呈现出近L型; 离子束的生物学效应主要在两个方面表现出特异性, 即离子束所导致的剂量效应曲线呈“马鞍型”趋势和N+离子束注入后会诱发花粉管顶端产生出明显的肿胀现象。The effects of pollens and pollen tubes of Pinus thunbergii induced respectively by N+ beam, γray and ultraviolet ray were measured , and the differences of the effects caused by the different radiant factors were distinguished. The results showed that there was obvious difference in the damages of the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth led by the radiant factors. The curve of dose effects from γray irradiation was similarly S type, and that from ultraviolet ray treatment approximately L type . The effects from ion implantation expressed the two characteristics, the curve of the saddle type and the top inflation of pollen tube.
X射线辐照对发根农杆菌介导芸芥遗传转化的影响
武振华, 张红, #, 牛炳韬, 李莎, 王根轩, 孙鹏, 刘斌, 李宁
2008, 25(4): 414-418. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.414
摘要:
探讨了X射线辐照对芸芥发状根诱导的影响, 为研究辐射对转基因技术的协同作用提供一定的实验依据。 以芸芥无菌苗的子叶为材料, 通过5—20 Gy的X射线辐照和不等浸染时间的联合处理, 研究苗龄、 预培养时间、 辐照剂量及其浸染时间等因素对芸芥发状根诱导的影响作用, 并通过聚合链酶式反应(PCR)对所得发状根进行了分子水平的鉴定。 15 Gy X射线辐射能提高芸芥发状根的诱导频率, 且有量效关系, 其中先浸染后辐照比先辐照后浸染效果更显著; PCR结果也表明, 发根农杆菌R1000的 rolB基因已成功地被转入并整合到该发状根的基因组中。 X射线辐照对芸芥发状根的诱导具有一定的促进作用, 且最佳推荐诱导剂量为15 Gy或稍多。
核能与核数据
核素图软件简介
张照华
2008, 25(4): 419-422. doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.419
摘要:
介绍了作者开发的核素图软件。 该软件利用红橙黄绿青蓝紫等连续的光谱标示核素寿命从短到长的变化, 并给出了每个核素的Z、 N、 质量盈余、 半衰期及衰变模式等基本信息。 该核素图将电子、 正电子、 反质子、 反中子和光子收录在内, 完美地表现了质量和电荷的对称性。 介绍了该核素图的使用方法。 希望大家提出进一步的要求, 以便该软件不断改进和完善。