2008 Vol. 25, No. 4
Display Method:
2008, 25(4): 317-321.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.317
Abstract:
Based on the chiral effective field theory (CHEFT), we study the effective mass and decay width of △(1 232) in the nuclear matter with the modified nucleon propagator. We find that the effective mass of △(1 232) decreases, while the decay width of △(1 232) increases with increasing the density of nuclear matter. And the decay width of △(1 232) mainly depends on the effective masses of nucleon and △(1 232)
Based on the chiral effective field theory (CHEFT), we study the effective mass and decay width of △(1 232) in the nuclear matter with the modified nucleon propagator. We find that the effective mass of △(1 232) decreases, while the decay width of △(1 232) increases with increasing the density of nuclear matter. And the decay width of △(1 232) mainly depends on the effective masses of nucleon and △(1 232)
2008, 25(4): 322-326.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.322
Abstract:
Excitation functions have been measured for the projectilelike fragments of B， C， N， O， F and Ne in the 27Al(19F，x)y reactions at incident energies from 110.25 MeV to 118.75 MeV in 250 keV steps. Strong cross section fluctuations in the excitation functions has been observed. The crosscorrelation coefficients of the excitation functions for different atomic number Z and for different scattering angle θ cm have been deduced. These coefficients are much larger than the statistical theoretical calculated ones. This indicates that there are strong correlations between different exit channels in the dissipative heavy ion collision of 27Al(19F， x)y.
Excitation functions have been measured for the projectilelike fragments of B， C， N， O， F and Ne in the 27Al(19F，x)y reactions at incident energies from 110.25 MeV to 118.75 MeV in 250 keV steps. Strong cross section fluctuations in the excitation functions has been observed. The crosscorrelation coefficients of the excitation functions for different atomic number Z and for different scattering angle θ cm have been deduced. These coefficients are much larger than the statistical theoretical calculated ones. This indicates that there are strong correlations between different exit channels in the dissipative heavy ion collision of 27Al(19F， x)y.
2008, 25(4): 327-331.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.327
Abstract:
The limitation of the one dimensional master equation with the mass number of projectlike fragment as the variable is discussed. A twodimensional master equation with neutron and proton numbers of the projectlike fragment as variables is set up， and solved numerically by means of a two step difference scheme to obtain fusion probability. The new equation is suitable for studying fusion reactions with any projectiletarget combination， and can better fit the experimental data， so that it can provide a large probability to choose the reaction system for synthesizing a certain superheavy nucleus. The influence of projectiletarget combinations with different isospins on the crosssections of compound nuclei is studied.
The limitation of the one dimensional master equation with the mass number of projectlike fragment as the variable is discussed. A twodimensional master equation with neutron and proton numbers of the projectlike fragment as variables is set up， and solved numerically by means of a two step difference scheme to obtain fusion probability. The new equation is suitable for studying fusion reactions with any projectiletarget combination， and can better fit the experimental data， so that it can provide a large probability to choose the reaction system for synthesizing a certain superheavy nucleus. The influence of projectiletarget combinations with different isospins on the crosssections of compound nuclei is studied.
2008, 25(4): 332-341.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.332
Abstract:
The nuclear isomer states have great potential value of application. The important experimental and theoretical researches are presented here. There are three kinds of physics mechanism for the formation of the isomer states. The principle of releasing the energy stored in the isomer is to excite it to higher states, Kmixing states, which can spontaneously decay to the ground state forming the γcascade. After introducting the three ways to form the Kmixing states, we analyzed experiments on the most prospective isomer 178Hfm2, discussed the key differences between these experiments and suggested that the Projected Shell Model (PSM) can be helpful to confirm the occurrence of the Kmixing states and would work out characteristics of the induced decay.
The nuclear isomer states have great potential value of application. The important experimental and theoretical researches are presented here. There are three kinds of physics mechanism for the formation of the isomer states. The principle of releasing the energy stored in the isomer is to excite it to higher states, Kmixing states, which can spontaneously decay to the ground state forming the γcascade. After introducting the three ways to form the Kmixing states, we analyzed experiments on the most prospective isomer 178Hfm2, discussed the key differences between these experiments and suggested that the Projected Shell Model (PSM) can be helpful to confirm the occurrence of the Kmixing states and would work out characteristics of the induced decay.
2008, 25(4): 342-346.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.342
Abstract:
The mechanisms of electronic energy loss in the process of incident particles interaction with Si and Al2O3 at proper energies are investigated. The contribution to the electronic energy loss from highorder corrections， such as the relativistic correction， the shell correction， the density correction, the Barkaseffect correction and the Bloch effect correction are discussed respectively. It is found that the shell correction， the Barkaseffect correction and the Blocheffect correction are important at low energies， the relativistic correction and the density correction are important at high energies. The calculated results with these higherorder corrections are in good agreement with the experiment data (ICRU49).
The mechanisms of electronic energy loss in the process of incident particles interaction with Si and Al2O3 at proper energies are investigated. The contribution to the electronic energy loss from highorder corrections， such as the relativistic correction， the shell correction， the density correction, the Barkaseffect correction and the Bloch effect correction are discussed respectively. It is found that the shell correction， the Barkaseffect correction and the Blocheffect correction are important at low energies， the relativistic correction and the density correction are important at high energies. The calculated results with these higherorder corrections are in good agreement with the experiment data (ICRU49).
2008, 25(4): 347-349.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.347
Abstract:
As important components， magnet septums are often used to separate beams inside and outside ring accelerators. If the septum has bending effect on nonintended bending direction， it will influence orbit matching. The fringing field effects of nonsymmetrical large angle rectangular type septum is investigated in this paper. In some condition， the nonintended bending can’t be neglected. One of the method to compensate the nonintended bending of septum is introduced in CSRm injection line.
As important components， magnet septums are often used to separate beams inside and outside ring accelerators. If the septum has bending effect on nonintended bending direction， it will influence orbit matching. The fringing field effects of nonsymmetrical large angle rectangular type septum is investigated in this paper. In some condition， the nonintended bending can’t be neglected. One of the method to compensate the nonintended bending of septum is introduced in CSRm injection line.
2008, 25(4): 350-354.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.350
Abstract:
Due to the special working conditions of the SFC extraction deflector, the breakdown of the deflector is a serious problem. Based on the electromagnetic field calculations and the analysis of electrons and ions in the field, the breakdown mechanism was investigated. The calculated results about the electron hitting spots on the liners are consistent with the observed ones in the operation. At last, an improvement method of the deflector is suggested by using aluminum cathode and combined liners
Due to the special working conditions of the SFC extraction deflector, the breakdown of the deflector is a serious problem. Based on the electromagnetic field calculations and the analysis of electrons and ions in the field, the breakdown mechanism was investigated. The calculated results about the electron hitting spots on the liners are consistent with the observed ones in the operation. At last, an improvement method of the deflector is suggested by using aluminum cathode and combined liners
2008, 25(4): 355-361.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.355
Abstract:
The loss mechanism and lifetime of ion beams in collisions with residual gas, internal target and electrons in ecooler in heavy ion cooler storage rings were studied. The partial beam lifetimes resulting from various loss mechanisms and the total beam lifetimes of 50—500 MeV/u12C6+, 36Ar18+, 132Xe54+ and 238U92+ stored in the experimental ring of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFLCSR) were calculated. The calculations indicate that the charge exchange process between ion beams and the internal target, as well as the radiative recombination process with the electrons in ecooler restrict the beam lifetime considerably. For heavy ion beams such as 132Xe54+ and 238U92+, the radiative recombination is the dominant loss mechanism
The loss mechanism and lifetime of ion beams in collisions with residual gas, internal target and electrons in ecooler in heavy ion cooler storage rings were studied. The partial beam lifetimes resulting from various loss mechanisms and the total beam lifetimes of 50—500 MeV/u12C6+, 36Ar18+, 132Xe54+ and 238U92+ stored in the experimental ring of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFLCSR) were calculated. The calculations indicate that the charge exchange process between ion beams and the internal target, as well as the radiative recombination process with the electrons in ecooler restrict the beam lifetime considerably. For heavy ion beams such as 132Xe54+ and 238U92+, the radiative recombination is the dominant loss mechanism
2008, 25(4): 362-367.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.362
Abstract:
The nuclear warhead detecting technology based on a template with γ spectrum of Plutonium is an important verification means in the deepirreversible nuclear disarmament. In order to obtain the γray spectra， γray transportation processing for the hypothesis nuclear warhead model has been simulated. In a possible nuclear disarmament verification case， the template matching algorithm based on the relative counts of the explored γ spectrum of Plutonium in subenergy region is built up， and the template technology of nuclear warhead composed of element matching and structure matching is established. This method could eliminate the effect of the error caused by the detecting distance and time.
The nuclear warhead detecting technology based on a template with γ spectrum of Plutonium is an important verification means in the deepirreversible nuclear disarmament. In order to obtain the γray spectra， γray transportation processing for the hypothesis nuclear warhead model has been simulated. In a possible nuclear disarmament verification case， the template matching algorithm based on the relative counts of the explored γ spectrum of Plutonium in subenergy region is built up， and the template technology of nuclear warhead composed of element matching and structure matching is established. This method could eliminate the effect of the error caused by the detecting distance and time.
2008, 25(4): 368-374.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.368
Abstract:
Source driven noise measurements are simultaneous Rossi-α and randomly pulsed neutron measurements that provide measured quantities that can be related to the subcritical neutron multiplication factor. A brief theory and characteristic description of 252Cf sourcedriven noise measurements is given as well as a brief analysis and time domain computer simulation of sourcedriven noise measurement results
Source driven noise measurements are simultaneous Rossi-α and randomly pulsed neutron measurements that provide measured quantities that can be related to the subcritical neutron multiplication factor. A brief theory and characteristic description of 252Cf sourcedriven noise measurements is given as well as a brief analysis and time domain computer simulation of sourcedriven noise measurement results
2008, 25(4): 375-379.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.375
Abstract:
It was inevstigated in the experiment that the guiding effect of electron beam with energy of 1 100, 1 300 and 1 500 eV through a bended cylindrical quartz tube with macrosized. A position sensitive Faraday cup was developed and used to detect the electron beam transmitted through the quartz tube, and the distribution of transmitted beam current on each channel of the Faraday cup was acquired. Results indicate the existence of guiding effect which is due to the selforganized chargeup in the inner wall of the quartz tube similar to that of the highly charged ions. We also found that the guiding ability of the tube is related to the incident beam intensity. The relationship between the guiding ability and the material as well as the size of the tube is to be studied in the near future.
It was inevstigated in the experiment that the guiding effect of electron beam with energy of 1 100, 1 300 and 1 500 eV through a bended cylindrical quartz tube with macrosized. A position sensitive Faraday cup was developed and used to detect the electron beam transmitted through the quartz tube, and the distribution of transmitted beam current on each channel of the Faraday cup was acquired. Results indicate the existence of guiding effect which is due to the selforganized chargeup in the inner wall of the quartz tube similar to that of the highly charged ions. We also found that the guiding ability of the tube is related to the incident beam intensity. The relationship between the guiding ability and the material as well as the size of the tube is to be studied in the near future.
2008, 25(4): 380-384.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.380
Abstract:
By using the proton induced Xray enission (PIXE) method, the measurements of the oxide compound content have veen carried out for the selected 18 samples of Tang tricolor in Huangye kiln. For ascertaining the classification and origin relation of the samples the principal component analysis method was adopted, and the results indicate that the chemical compositions of Tang tricolor body with diggerent glaze colors are close, which shows that their raw material habitat distribution is quite concentrative. But the prescriptions of diffierent color glaze are different. The content of CoO is more than others in blue glaze; CuO is more than others in green glaze; Fe2O3 is more than others in brown and yellow glaze; Al2O3 is less than others but
SiO2is more in white glaze, which shows that glaze’s material origin is diffierent, but brown and yellow glaze are close and even the same in chemistry component.
By using the proton induced Xray enission (PIXE) method, the measurements of the oxide compound content have veen carried out for the selected 18 samples of Tang tricolor in Huangye kiln. For ascertaining the classification and origin relation of the samples the principal component analysis method was adopted, and the results indicate that the chemical compositions of Tang tricolor body with diggerent glaze colors are close, which shows that their raw material habitat distribution is quite concentrative. But the prescriptions of diffierent color glaze are different. The content of CoO is more than others in blue glaze; CuO is more than others in green glaze; Fe2O3 is more than others in brown and yellow glaze; Al2O3 is less than others but
SiO2is more in white glaze, which shows that glaze’s material origin is diffierent, but brown and yellow glaze are close and even the same in chemistry component.
2008, 25(4): 385-390.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.385
Abstract:
The relationship between gene expression and lowenergy ion implantation has been studied. Because vacuum is prerequisite in lowenergy ion implantation， mineral oil was used to protect cells from water evaporating. In this study， HeLa cells were implanted by lowenergy ions (30 keV N+) at different doses, and p53 gene and c fos gene were studied with realtime quantitative PCR. The result shows that gene expression changed obviously when cells were acted as vacuum control to the sample implanted 5×1014 ions/cm2.
The relationship between gene expression and lowenergy ion implantation has been studied. Because vacuum is prerequisite in lowenergy ion implantation， mineral oil was used to protect cells from water evaporating. In this study， HeLa cells were implanted by lowenergy ions (30 keV N+) at different doses, and p53 gene and c fos gene were studied with realtime quantitative PCR. The result shows that gene expression changed obviously when cells were acted as vacuum control to the sample implanted 5×1014 ions/cm2.
2008, 25(4): 391-396.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.391
Abstract:
To investigate the role of NADPH oxidase in HeLa cell lesion induced by Xray irradiation, the change of cell survival was detected with MTT assay， reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer. Immunostaining and confocal laserscanning microscopy was employed to detect the colocalization of two subunit of NADPH oxidase, p47phox and gp91phox in the cell. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of gp91phox before and after Xray irradiation. After Xray irradiation， intracellular level of ROS increased obviously. But the increase could be blocked by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)， an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Meanwhile， cytosolic subunit p47phox moved to membrane and colocalizated with gp91phox after
irradiation. Moreover, the results also show that gp91phox increased sharply after 12 Gy Xray irradiation. Therefore， NADPH oxidasemediated production of ROS plays an important role in HeLa cell lesion induced by Xray.
To investigate the role of NADPH oxidase in HeLa cell lesion induced by Xray irradiation, the change of cell survival was detected with MTT assay， reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer. Immunostaining and confocal laserscanning microscopy was employed to detect the colocalization of two subunit of NADPH oxidase, p47phox and gp91phox in the cell. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of gp91phox before and after Xray irradiation. After Xray irradiation， intracellular level of ROS increased obviously. But the increase could be blocked by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)， an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Meanwhile， cytosolic subunit p47phox moved to membrane and colocalizated with gp91phox after
irradiation. Moreover, the results also show that gp91phox increased sharply after 12 Gy Xray irradiation. Therefore， NADPH oxidasemediated production of ROS plays an important role in HeLa cell lesion induced by Xray.
2008, 25(4): 397-401.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.397
Abstract:
The HRS/IRR in Escherichia coli had been investigated withE.coli K12 wild strain MG1655 irradiated by the 30 keV N+. The curve of the dosesurvival effect showed the 30 keV N+ ion could induce the HRS/IRR at the dose less than 10×1014 ions/cm2. Moreover， the effect of recA gene in HRS/IRR inducement had been researched with three E.coli K12 strains， wild strain MG1655， LE392 (recA+) and DH5α(recA-). The results showed the IRR was disappeared in recA- DH5α strain， but the HRS/IRR appeared in wild strain MG1655 and recA+ LE392， which suggested that recA gene and the DNA damages & their repairs including recA gene were essential element in HRS/IRR inducement.
The HRS/IRR in Escherichia coli had been investigated withE.coli K12 wild strain MG1655 irradiated by the 30 keV N+. The curve of the dosesurvival effect showed the 30 keV N+ ion could induce the HRS/IRR at the dose less than 10×1014 ions/cm2. Moreover， the effect of recA gene in HRS/IRR inducement had been researched with three E.coli K12 strains， wild strain MG1655， LE392 (recA+) and DH5α(recA-). The results showed the IRR was disappeared in recA- DH5α strain， but the HRS/IRR appeared in wild strain MG1655 and recA+ LE392， which suggested that recA gene and the DNA damages & their repairs including recA gene were essential element in HRS/IRR inducement.
2008, 25(4): 402-408.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.402
Abstract:
Heavy ions (carbon ions) were considered currently as the best radiation in radiotherapy for their two superiorities in the physical and biological properties. This paper firstly put the focus on the history of development of heavyion radiotherapy in the world， then a comprehensive analysis of the indications and radiation damages of normal tissues in clinical trails of heavyion therapy was made based on the published data by NIRS. Moreover, the prospect of using carbon ions in radiotherapy was estimated by analyzing the potential patients’ number, its related instruments and etc.
Heavy ions (carbon ions) were considered currently as the best radiation in radiotherapy for their two superiorities in the physical and biological properties. This paper firstly put the focus on the history of development of heavyion radiotherapy in the world， then a comprehensive analysis of the indications and radiation damages of normal tissues in clinical trails of heavyion therapy was made based on the published data by NIRS. Moreover, the prospect of using carbon ions in radiotherapy was estimated by analyzing the potential patients’ number, its related instruments and etc.
2008, 25(4): 409-413.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.409
Abstract:
The effects of pollens and pollen tubes of Pinus thunbergii induced respectively by N+ beam, γray and ultraviolet ray were measured , and the differences of the effects caused by the different radiant factors were distinguished. The results showed that there was obvious difference in the damages of the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth led by the radiant factors. The curve of dose effects from γray irradiation was similarly S type, and that from ultraviolet ray treatment approximately L type . The effects from ion implantation expressed the two characteristics, the curve of the saddle type and the top inflation of pollen tube.
The effects of pollens and pollen tubes of Pinus thunbergii induced respectively by N+ beam, γray and ultraviolet ray were measured , and the differences of the effects caused by the different radiant factors were distinguished. The results showed that there was obvious difference in the damages of the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth led by the radiant factors. The curve of dose effects from γray irradiation was similarly S type, and that from ultraviolet ray treatment approximately L type . The effects from ion implantation expressed the two characteristics, the curve of the saddle type and the top inflation of pollen tube.
2008, 25(4): 414-418.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.414
Abstract:
To investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation to the hairy root induction of Eruca sativa Mill， and to provide basic experimental data for concerted reaction of irradiation to the Genetic transformation technology. The aseptic cotyledons of Eruca sativa Mill were jointly treated with the Xray at dose of 5， 10， 15， 20 Gy respectively and the different infected time， then the influence of explant age， preculturing time， dose of Xray and infected time were studied. Furthermore， the hairy roots were testified in molecular level by the polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. The irradiation of Xray at dose of 15 Gy can improve the frequency of Eruca sativa Mill hairy root induction in a dosedependent manner. Moreover， the transformation frequency in preinfection plus irradiation group is higher than that in preirradiation plus infection group at the same irradiation dose. In addition， the PCR analysis also demonstrated that rolB gene of TDNA from Ri plasmid had been integrated into the genome of the transformed roots. The irradiation of Xray has some positive effects on the hairy root induction of Eruca sativa Mill， and the optimal revulsive dose is 15 Gy or a little bit more.
To investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation to the hairy root induction of Eruca sativa Mill， and to provide basic experimental data for concerted reaction of irradiation to the Genetic transformation technology. The aseptic cotyledons of Eruca sativa Mill were jointly treated with the Xray at dose of 5， 10， 15， 20 Gy respectively and the different infected time， then the influence of explant age， preculturing time， dose of Xray and infected time were studied. Furthermore， the hairy roots were testified in molecular level by the polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. The irradiation of Xray at dose of 15 Gy can improve the frequency of Eruca sativa Mill hairy root induction in a dosedependent manner. Moreover， the transformation frequency in preinfection plus irradiation group is higher than that in preirradiation plus infection group at the same irradiation dose. In addition， the PCR analysis also demonstrated that rolB gene of TDNA from Ri plasmid had been integrated into the genome of the transformed roots. The irradiation of Xray has some positive effects on the hairy root induction of Eruca sativa Mill， and the optimal revulsive dose is 15 Gy or a little bit more.
2008, 25(4): 419-422.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.04.419
Abstract:
A Nuclide Chart software developed by the author himself has been introduced. The software shows the change of the half life of nuclide through long to short time by continuous spectrum. e.g., red, orange, yellow, green, cyanine, blue, purple colors, and also presents the basic information about Z, N, mass surplus, half life, disintegration mode and so on. The nuclide chart involves electron, positron, antiproton, antineutron, photon to exhibit the symmetry of mass and charge ideally. The usage of the software is introduced. It is hoped that users give farther suggestions in order to improve the software ceaseless.
A Nuclide Chart software developed by the author himself has been introduced. The software shows the change of the half life of nuclide through long to short time by continuous spectrum. e.g., red, orange, yellow, green, cyanine, blue, purple colors, and also presents the basic information about Z, N, mass surplus, half life, disintegration mode and so on. The nuclide chart involves electron, positron, antiproton, antineutron, photon to exhibit the symmetry of mass and charge ideally. The usage of the software is introduced. It is hoped that users give farther suggestions in order to improve the software ceaseless.
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