关键词: 
中子星 /
物态方程 /
非牛顿引力

摘要: 重离子碰撞实验分析及相关理论研究认为高密度非对称核物质可能具有较软的物态方程；在约2~3 倍饱和核密度下超子等奇异物质的出现也可能会使物态方程变软。然而，软物态方程却无法支持大质量中子星。脉冲星PSR J1614-2230 具有大质量(1.97±0.04)M_⊙ 的观测发现使这一矛盾变得尤为突出。为了解决该矛盾，人们提出了各种可能的物理机制：包括考虑修正的引力理论、修改描述高密度物质物态的理论模型等。在概述和讨论这些能使软物态方程支持大质量中子星的可能物理机制的基础上，还计算和讨论了强电场、强磁场对中子星最大质量的影响，发现强电磁场可以有效地增大中子星的最大质量。The analysis of the laboratory data from the heavy-ion collisions and the correlated theoretical research prefer a soft equation of state (EOS) for the unsymmetric dense matters; and the presence of hyperons at density exceeding 2~3 times of normal nuclear density 0 also may soften the EOS of the dense matters.But a soft EOS cannot support a massive neutron star. After the observation of pulsar PSR J1614-2230 with a mass of (1.97±0.04) M_⊙, we have to face this intractable contradiction. In order to solve this contradiction,people have proposed several possible mechanisms, including the modified gravity theory, the modified models for the description of the dense matters and so on. This paper has reviewed these mechanisms. In addition, we also calculated and discussed the effect of the strong electromagnetic field on the maximum mass of the neutron stars. It is found that the strong electromagnetic field can increase the maximum mass of the neutron stars efficaciously.