2008 Vol. 25, No. 3
Display Method:
2008, 25(3): 209-217.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.209
Abstract:
The progress of research on the high spin states at N=79 isotopes 135Ba， 137Ce and 139Nd in A=135 neutrondeficient region by the research group of Tsinghua University has been reviewed. The experiments were carried out by using inbeam γray spectroscopy technology and heavy ion nuclear reactions 130Te(9Be， 4n)， 124Sn(18O， 5n) and 128Te(16O， 5n) at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The high spin level schemes of these nuclei have been expanded. The results indicate that the lower spin states of these nuclei originated from νh-111/2 hole state coupling with the neighboring eveneven nucleus cores. All the deformation parameters γ values of these three isotones are larger than 30°， which indicates that they have triaxial deformation with oblate side. The prolateoblate transition in Ba， Ce and Nd isotopic chains indeed happens between N=77 and N=79. Through systematical comparison with the neighboring isotones， the configurations for some middle spin state levels have been assigned. At the high spin states， one oblate band in 137Ce and three ones in 139Nd with γ≈ -60° were discovered. The origination and structural character of these oblate bands have been discussed.
The progress of research on the high spin states at N=79 isotopes 135Ba， 137Ce and 139Nd in A=135 neutrondeficient region by the research group of Tsinghua University has been reviewed. The experiments were carried out by using inbeam γray spectroscopy technology and heavy ion nuclear reactions 130Te(9Be， 4n)， 124Sn(18O， 5n) and 128Te(16O， 5n) at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The high spin level schemes of these nuclei have been expanded. The results indicate that the lower spin states of these nuclei originated from νh-111/2 hole state coupling with the neighboring eveneven nucleus cores. All the deformation parameters γ values of these three isotones are larger than 30°， which indicates that they have triaxial deformation with oblate side. The prolateoblate transition in Ba， Ce and Nd isotopic chains indeed happens between N=77 and N=79. Through systematical comparison with the neighboring isotones， the configurations for some middle spin state levels have been assigned. At the high spin states， one oblate band in 137Ce and three ones in 139Nd with γ≈ -60° were discovered. The origination and structural character of these oblate bands have been discussed.
2008, 25(3): 218-223.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.218
Abstract:
The noncommutative space effect is a physic effect in string scale. In this paper the quantum mechanical algebra， the MoyalWeyl multiplication and the Bopp transition are introduced， and the Hamiltonian operator of the charged particle in electromagnetic field is also discussed. Furthermore， the energy of the particle in noncommutative phase space is presented.
The noncommutative space effect is a physic effect in string scale. In this paper the quantum mechanical algebra， the MoyalWeyl multiplication and the Bopp transition are introduced， and the Hamiltonian operator of the charged particle in electromagnetic field is also discussed. Furthermore， the energy of the particle in noncommutative phase space is presented.
2008, 25(3): 224-231.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.224
Abstract:
Based on the continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) theory, with the suitable initial values and boundary conditions, as well as the P3C5 algorithm to solve the coupled equations, a new code CDCCOM with higher calculation precision is written to observe the deuteron breakup effects on elastic scattering angular distributions and reaction cross sections. And the validity of this code is checked. By comparing with other theories and experimental data, it is found that the present work is valuable and applicable for large nuclei range below 200 MeV, and the code is feasible for studying the breakup effect on inelastic channels further.
Based on the continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) theory, with the suitable initial values and boundary conditions, as well as the P3C5 algorithm to solve the coupled equations, a new code CDCCOM with higher calculation precision is written to observe the deuteron breakup effects on elastic scattering angular distributions and reaction cross sections. And the validity of this code is checked. By comparing with other theories and experimental data, it is found that the present work is valuable and applicable for large nuclei range below 200 MeV, and the code is feasible for studying the breakup effect on inelastic channels further.
2008, 25(3): 232-235.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.232
Abstract:
The nuclear effect functions in lA DIS process RHe/D(x, Q2)， RLi/D(x, Q2)， RC/Li(x, Q2) and RCa/Li(x, Q2) are calculated on the basis of the nuclear density model by using nuclear densities obtained from an empirical formula or the experimental values of the electromagnetic mean of radius square 〈r2〉， respectively．It is shown that the nuclear effect functions obtained from the empirical formula are in good agreement with the NMC experimental data， and better than the later ones．The empirical formula of the nuclear density can be used to study the nuclear effect of nucleon structure functions reasonably.
The nuclear effect functions in lA DIS process RHe/D(x, Q2)， RLi/D(x, Q2)， RC/Li(x, Q2) and RCa/Li(x, Q2) are calculated on the basis of the nuclear density model by using nuclear densities obtained from an empirical formula or the experimental values of the electromagnetic mean of radius square 〈r2〉， respectively．It is shown that the nuclear effect functions obtained from the empirical formula are in good agreement with the NMC experimental data， and better than the later ones．The empirical formula of the nuclear density can be used to study the nuclear effect of nucleon structure functions reasonably.
2008, 25(3): 236-239.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.236
Abstract:
We measured the variation of the decay rate of 7Be implanted in Pt and Al host materials by detecting the 478 keV γray emitted from the first excited state of 7Li which is produced by EC decay of 7Be with two HPGe detectors simultaneously, and found no difference of 7Be decay rate in Pt from that in Al within our experimental error (<0.14%). We discussed the relation of the decay rate variation with the electronic affinities and effective electron densities near the implanted ions in the two different host materials.
We measured the variation of the decay rate of 7Be implanted in Pt and Al host materials by detecting the 478 keV γray emitted from the first excited state of 7Li which is produced by EC decay of 7Be with two HPGe detectors simultaneously, and found no difference of 7Be decay rate in Pt from that in Al within our experimental error (<0.14%). We discussed the relation of the decay rate variation with the electronic affinities and effective electron densities near the implanted ions in the two different host materials.
2008, 25(3): 240-248.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.240
Abstract:
The cross sections σ(E) of low energy nuclear reactions induced by charged particles in metallic environment are much larger than that in gas. Generally, it was taken as the effect of the electron screening. In this work, the experimental method of the D(d, p)T reaction in metallic environment was introduced. The data analysis and the regularity of experimental results were also discussed. All kinds of theoretical models including the Debye model were discussed, which can roughly explain the results of the experiments. The valuable knowledge of nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and condensed state physics can be obtained in the study of lowenergy nuclear reaction in metallic environment.
The cross sections σ(E) of low energy nuclear reactions induced by charged particles in metallic environment are much larger than that in gas. Generally, it was taken as the effect of the electron screening. In this work, the experimental method of the D(d, p)T reaction in metallic environment was introduced. The data analysis and the regularity of experimental results were also discussed. All kinds of theoretical models including the Debye model were discussed, which can roughly explain the results of the experiments. The valuable knowledge of nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and condensed state physics can be obtained in the study of lowenergy nuclear reaction in metallic environment.
2008, 25(3): 249-253.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.249
Abstract:
In this paper, the principle and the process of design and calculation based on RF ferrite loaded coaxial cavity in synchrotron are presented. The function and significance of cavity loaded by ferrite are elaborated in detail. Then the calculated results by traditional transmission line theory, software simulated results by Computer Simulation Technology(CST ) and the actual cavity measured results are compared.
In this paper, the principle and the process of design and calculation based on RF ferrite loaded coaxial cavity in synchrotron are presented. The function and significance of cavity loaded by ferrite are elaborated in detail. Then the calculated results by traditional transmission line theory, software simulated results by Computer Simulation Technology(CST ) and the actual cavity measured results are compared.
2008, 25(3): 254-259.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.254
Abstract:
Based on the detail head structure designing provided by the manufacture, the ray transmission of VARIAN Clinic 2300C 6 MVX beam was simulated by Monte Carlo code, BEAMnrc. To accelerate the simulation efficiency, multiple optimized parameters were optimized. The simulated and the measured data were well coincident. The dose distribution of a complicated irregular field formed by MLC (MultiLeaf Collimators) was simulated, which are the base for further research work.
Based on the detail head structure designing provided by the manufacture, the ray transmission of VARIAN Clinic 2300C 6 MVX beam was simulated by Monte Carlo code, BEAMnrc. To accelerate the simulation efficiency, multiple optimized parameters were optimized. The simulated and the measured data were well coincident. The dose distribution of a complicated irregular field formed by MLC (MultiLeaf Collimators) was simulated, which are the base for further research work.
2008, 25(3): 259-264.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.259
Abstract:
The principles and structure characteristics of Large Area Scintillating Fiber Array(LASFA) detector at RIBLL (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou) are described. The development of LASFA and the characteristics of the scintillating fibers unit are reported. LASFA can be used to detect the light charged particles at RIBLL terminal due to its good time and spatial resolutions.
The principles and structure characteristics of Large Area Scintillating Fiber Array(LASFA) detector at RIBLL (Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou) are described. The development of LASFA and the characteristics of the scintillating fibers unit are reported. LASFA can be used to detect the light charged particles at RIBLL terminal due to its good time and spatial resolutions.
2008, 25(3): 265-271.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.265
Abstract:
For highenergy particle transmission， its mass depends on its incident energy. For lowenergy particle transmission， its (static) mass is independent of its incident energy. The difference between the mass ideas is rather than that between high and low energies. Thus， these two transmission studies are very different in ideas. The column symmetry of transverse continuum potential well is independent of the nanotube structure. Xray transmission consists of two aspects： as wave， it is scattered by the laws of ray optics; as particle， it is captured in the transverse continuum potential well.
For highenergy particle transmission， its mass depends on its incident energy. For lowenergy particle transmission， its (static) mass is independent of its incident energy. The difference between the mass ideas is rather than that between high and low energies. Thus， these two transmission studies are very different in ideas. The column symmetry of transverse continuum potential well is independent of the nanotube structure. Xray transmission consists of two aspects： as wave， it is scattered by the laws of ray optics; as particle， it is captured in the transverse continuum potential well.
2008, 25(3): 271-276.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.271
Abstract:
Monitoring radioactive gas 37Ar is an important technique for the OnSite Inspection(OSI) of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. In order to establish a theoretical model that can be used to calculate the appearing time and radioactivity of 37Ar which transports to the ground after a nuclear explosion， the rock media in the test area is assumed to be a homogeneous porous media， without consideration of gas absorption by and release from the rock media. The seepage model in the porous media is used to calculate 37Ar transportation. Computational results give the time 37Ar leaks to the ground and the variation of its radioactivity with time．And we can analyze and consider the computational results when we have developed OSI noble gas monitoring systems and evaluated their effectiveness.
Monitoring radioactive gas 37Ar is an important technique for the OnSite Inspection(OSI) of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. In order to establish a theoretical model that can be used to calculate the appearing time and radioactivity of 37Ar which transports to the ground after a nuclear explosion， the rock media in the test area is assumed to be a homogeneous porous media， without consideration of gas absorption by and release from the rock media. The seepage model in the porous media is used to calculate 37Ar transportation. Computational results give the time 37Ar leaks to the ground and the variation of its radioactivity with time．And we can analyze and consider the computational results when we have developed OSI noble gas monitoring systems and evaluated their effectiveness.
2008, 25(3): 277-281.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.277
Abstract:
The 3D structures in silicon are increasingly coming to use in many fields. For example, the high resolution Xray digital imaging detector can be made by coupling CCD and the scintillating screen which is made by the array trenches filled with CsI(Tl). In the present work, we explored the technology of etching microarray on the ntype silicon with high resistance. By studying the relative parameters of anisotropic etching of KOH and electrochemical etching of HF, the optimized concentration of HF was determined and the micropore array trenches with 200 μm in depth were realized. The results establish an experimental base for further fabrication of the scintillating screen.
The 3D structures in silicon are increasingly coming to use in many fields. For example, the high resolution Xray digital imaging detector can be made by coupling CCD and the scintillating screen which is made by the array trenches filled with CsI(Tl). In the present work, we explored the technology of etching microarray on the ntype silicon with high resistance. By studying the relative parameters of anisotropic etching of KOH and electrochemical etching of HF, the optimized concentration of HF was determined and the micropore array trenches with 200 μm in depth were realized. The results establish an experimental base for further fabrication of the scintillating screen.
2008, 25(3): 282-286.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.282
Abstract:
The damage of the cytoskeleton system in the pollen and the pollen tube of Pinus thunbergii induced by ion beam implantation were researched. The results showed that the disorganization of the microtubules in the pollen tube was produced by N＋ implantation. The abnormal states of the pollen tube in morphology were very correlative with the abnormality of the cytoskeleton system. N＋ implantation was responsible for morphological abnormalities in the pollen tubes. There was a distinct correlation between the damage effects and the ion implantation dose. The add of dose caused more obvious damage effects. Furthermore， the state of the cytoskeleton system in the pollen tube was influenced by the ion implantation. The impact grade depended also on the ion implantation dose.
The damage of the cytoskeleton system in the pollen and the pollen tube of Pinus thunbergii induced by ion beam implantation were researched. The results showed that the disorganization of the microtubules in the pollen tube was produced by N＋ implantation. The abnormal states of the pollen tube in morphology were very correlative with the abnormality of the cytoskeleton system. N＋ implantation was responsible for morphological abnormalities in the pollen tubes. There was a distinct correlation between the damage effects and the ion implantation dose. The add of dose caused more obvious damage effects. Furthermore， the state of the cytoskeleton system in the pollen tube was influenced by the ion implantation. The impact grade depended also on the ion implantation dose.
2008, 25(3): 287-293.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.287
Abstract:
Newly research progresses were summarized in effect of ion beams on seed surface， biological effect， growth， development， gravitropism and so on. Furthermore， mutation molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana was discussed， for example， alteration of DNA bases， DNA damage， chromosomal recombination， characteristics of mutant transmissibility， etc. Meanwhile， the achievements of transferring extraneous gene to Arabidopsis thaliana by ion beams were reviewed in the paper. At last， the future prospective are also discussed here in mutation molecular mechanism and the potential application of biological effect of heavy ion beams.
Newly research progresses were summarized in effect of ion beams on seed surface， biological effect， growth， development， gravitropism and so on. Furthermore， mutation molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana was discussed， for example， alteration of DNA bases， DNA damage， chromosomal recombination， characteristics of mutant transmissibility， etc. Meanwhile， the achievements of transferring extraneous gene to Arabidopsis thaliana by ion beams were reviewed in the paper. At last， the future prospective are also discussed here in mutation molecular mechanism and the potential application of biological effect of heavy ion beams.
2008, 25(3): 294-299.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.294
Abstract:
hprt gene is an Xlinked locus that has been well studied and widely used as a biomarker in mutation detection. hprt mutation assay is a gene mutation test system in mammalian cells in vitro which has been used as a biological dosimeter. In this paper， the biological characteristics of hprt gene， hprt mutation detection methodology and the application of hprt mutation assay in radiation biology are comprehensively reviewed.
hprt gene is an Xlinked locus that has been well studied and widely used as a biomarker in mutation detection. hprt mutation assay is a gene mutation test system in mammalian cells in vitro which has been used as a biological dosimeter. In this paper， the biological characteristics of hprt gene， hprt mutation detection methodology and the application of hprt mutation assay in radiation biology are comprehensively reviewed.
2008, 25(3): 300-304.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.300
Abstract:
A radioactive multitracer solution of the 24 elements, e.g. Be, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Nb, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, was obtained from the nuclear reaction of 25 MeV/u 40Ar+Se with a series of chemical process. The multitracer solution was orally administered to normal and muscular tumourbearing mice of male Balb/c mice. Urine and faeces samples of mice were collected. The two group mice were sacrificed after 96 h. The uptake of 17 elements, Na, Rb, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, were simultaneously detected in normal mice while 15 elements, Na, Rb, Ga, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, were simultaneously detected in tumourbearing mice. Our results indicate that the majority of the detected elements were distributed in liver, kidney, pelt, tumour while a small fraction of the biotrace elements were distributed in heart and spleen (tumourbearing mice) in the two groups of mice. The higher concentrations of Fe, Na, Mn were detected in heart or kidney of normal mice. Na, Mn, Fe and Co showed better absorption in most tissues in the normal mice, except for Na and Mn in heart.
A radioactive multitracer solution of the 24 elements, e.g. Be, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Nb, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, was obtained from the nuclear reaction of 25 MeV/u 40Ar+Se with a series of chemical process. The multitracer solution was orally administered to normal and muscular tumourbearing mice of male Balb/c mice. Urine and faeces samples of mice were collected. The two group mice were sacrificed after 96 h. The uptake of 17 elements, Na, Rb, Ga, As, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, were simultaneously detected in normal mice while 15 elements, Na, Rb, Ga, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag and In, were simultaneously detected in tumourbearing mice. Our results indicate that the majority of the detected elements were distributed in liver, kidney, pelt, tumour while a small fraction of the biotrace elements were distributed in heart and spleen (tumourbearing mice) in the two groups of mice. The higher concentrations of Fe, Na, Mn were detected in heart or kidney of normal mice. Na, Mn, Fe and Co showed better absorption in most tissues in the normal mice, except for Na and Mn in heart.
2008, 25(3): 305-310.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.305
Abstract:
The effects of experimental conditions on preparation of 99mTclabeled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon blacks by SnCl2 were investigated. At given conditions the labeling yields were over 90%. In a culture medium， the radiochemical purity of the labeling compounds kept (86±4)% within 2.5 h. The 99mTc labeled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and nanocarbon blackes (NCBs) obtained in this work met satisfactory experimental demands for study of cellular uptake and toxicity. The experiments showed that the labeling process was based on physical adsorption of low valent technetium resulted from reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon nanomaterials.
The effects of experimental conditions on preparation of 99mTclabeled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon blacks by SnCl2 were investigated. At given conditions the labeling yields were over 90%. In a culture medium， the radiochemical purity of the labeling compounds kept (86±4)% within 2.5 h. The 99mTc labeled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and nanocarbon blackes (NCBs) obtained in this work met satisfactory experimental demands for study of cellular uptake and toxicity. The experiments showed that the labeling process was based on physical adsorption of low valent technetium resulted from reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon nanomaterials.
2008, 25(3): 311-315.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.25.03.311
Abstract:
The possible structure of Cu6 cluster has been given with the GaussView that is a graphical user interface software. The structure optimization was performed on the B3LYP functional and SDD basic set of the quantum computational software of Gaussian03. And eight isomers of Cu6 cluster were calculated. The binding energy and the structure of eight isomers have been investigated in detail. The result showed that the value of the binding energy was in reasonable agreement with available experimental data， as well as with other theoretical results， and the most stable structure was the triangle of plane. Three new isomers of the Cu6 cluster have been got in our work， which would be the valuable data for the further theoretical and experimental study.
The possible structure of Cu6 cluster has been given with the GaussView that is a graphical user interface software. The structure optimization was performed on the B3LYP functional and SDD basic set of the quantum computational software of Gaussian03. And eight isomers of Cu6 cluster were calculated. The binding energy and the structure of eight isomers have been investigated in detail. The result showed that the value of the binding energy was in reasonable agreement with available experimental data， as well as with other theoretical results， and the most stable structure was the triangle of plane. Three new isomers of the Cu6 cluster have been got in our work， which would be the valuable data for the further theoretical and experimental study.
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