2013 Vol. 30, No. 4
Display Method:
2013, 30(4): 385-390.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.385
Abstract:
The 18Ne(α ,p)21Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reaction from the hot CNO cycle to the rp-process in X-ray bursts. Over stellartemperatures achieved in XRBs, this rate has not been sufficiently determined.The experiment was performed using CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) at the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. An 89 MeV 21Na radioactive ion beam was produced and bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm2 thick polyethylene target. The recoiled light particles were detected with three Micron silicon ΔE-E telescopes centered at angles of θlab = 0°; +14° and 14°with respect to the beam direction, respectively. The 21Na+p elastic-scattering excitation functions were reconstructed with a thick-target method over energies Ex = 5:5 9:2 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined through an R-matrix analysis，which will be used to evaluate the 18Ne( α, p)21Na reaction rate.
The 18Ne(α ,p)21Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reaction from the hot CNO cycle to the rp-process in X-ray bursts. Over stellartemperatures achieved in XRBs, this rate has not been sufficiently determined.The experiment was performed using CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) at the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. An 89 MeV 21Na radioactive ion beam was produced and bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm2 thick polyethylene target. The recoiled light particles were detected with three Micron silicon ΔE-E telescopes centered at angles of θlab = 0°; +14° and 14°with respect to the beam direction, respectively. The 21Na+p elastic-scattering excitation functions were reconstructed with a thick-target method over energies Ex = 5:5 9:2 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined through an R-matrix analysis，which will be used to evaluate the 18Ne( α, p)21Na reaction rate.
2013, 30(4): 391-397.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.391
Abstract:
The production cross sections of superheavy elements with Z = 116~121 have been investigated systematically within the dinuclear system (DNS) concept, where the master equation is solved numerically to obtain the fusion probability. The competition between complete fusion and quasifission, which can strongly affect the cross section of the compound nucleus formation, is taken into account. The evaporation residue cross sections ER calculated for the hot fusion actinide-based reactions (48Ca+245Cm, 48Ca+249Cf and 48Ca+249Bk) are basically in agreement with the known experimental data within one order of magnitude. Similar calculations for the synthesis of superheavy elements up to Z = 121 are performed using the available 249Bk, 249Cf and 243Am as targets and 48Ca, 50Ti and 58Fe as projectiles. Their production cross sections are relatively small,especially for the 58Fe+243Am→301121 reaction. A systematic analysis indicates that the 3n and 4n channels
are respectively the most favorable fusion-evaporation channels in the synthesis of even- and odd-Z superheavy elements.
The production cross sections of superheavy elements with Z = 116~121 have been investigated systematically within the dinuclear system (DNS) concept, where the master equation is solved numerically to obtain the fusion probability. The competition between complete fusion and quasifission, which can strongly affect the cross section of the compound nucleus formation, is taken into account. The evaporation residue cross sections ER calculated for the hot fusion actinide-based reactions (48Ca+245Cm, 48Ca+249Cf and 48Ca+249Bk) are basically in agreement with the known experimental data within one order of magnitude. Similar calculations for the synthesis of superheavy elements up to Z = 121 are performed using the available 249Bk, 249Cf and 243Am as targets and 48Ca, 50Ti and 58Fe as projectiles. Their production cross sections are relatively small,especially for the 58Fe+243Am→301121 reaction. A systematic analysis indicates that the 3n and 4n channels
are respectively the most favorable fusion-evaporation channels in the synthesis of even- and odd-Z superheavy elements.
2013, 30(4): 398-402.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.398
Abstract:
Although the extrapolation method of diagonalizing the nuclear shell model Hamiltonian is successful, its foundation has not yet been understand very well. In this paper, we study this approach by using random matrices with the focus on gaussian ensemble and two-body random ensemble. We derive the formula of the extrapolation method of diagonalizing the matrices of Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, and discuss the robustness of the extrapolation property by two-body random ensemble. We point out that the extrapolation method of diagonalizing the shell model Hamiltonian works better with the realistic interaction than other interactions.
Although the extrapolation method of diagonalizing the nuclear shell model Hamiltonian is successful, its foundation has not yet been understand very well. In this paper, we study this approach by using random matrices with the focus on gaussian ensemble and two-body random ensemble. We derive the formula of the extrapolation method of diagonalizing the matrices of Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, and discuss the robustness of the extrapolation property by two-body random ensemble. We point out that the extrapolation method of diagonalizing the shell model Hamiltonian works better with the realistic interaction than other interactions.
2013, 30(4): 403-406.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.403
Abstract:
Incident neutron flux has to be measured accurately in the neutron reaction study especially in the neutron reaction cross-section measurement with activation method. Average neutron flux in the irradiated sample is usually determined by the monitor reaction with reference cross-section values. However, the average incident neutron flux, based on the radioactivity of the residual nuclei produced in the monitor reaction, is dependent upon the neutron flux fluctuation. In the procedure of the average neutron flux calculation, the correction factor for the neutron flux fluctuation plays a key role. In this paper, definition of the neutron flux fluctuation correction factor is inferred heoretically. The selection principles of the monitor reaction and the utilization of the correction factor have been discussed.
Incident neutron flux has to be measured accurately in the neutron reaction study especially in the neutron reaction cross-section measurement with activation method. Average neutron flux in the irradiated sample is usually determined by the monitor reaction with reference cross-section values. However, the average incident neutron flux, based on the radioactivity of the residual nuclei produced in the monitor reaction, is dependent upon the neutron flux fluctuation. In the procedure of the average neutron flux calculation, the correction factor for the neutron flux fluctuation plays a key role. In this paper, definition of the neutron flux fluctuation correction factor is inferred heoretically. The selection principles of the monitor reaction and the utilization of the correction factor have been discussed.
2013, 30(4): 407-412.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.407
Abstract:
Manohar-Georgi proposed an effective constituent quark model(MG model) based on QCD, explaining the success of quark models. Recently, Weinberg has shown that the MG model is renormalizable in the large Nc limit of the color number. In this paper, we present a functional QCD analysis of the MG model and propose an effective chiral quark model of the nucleons, which includes the nonlinear interaction between quark-pions and pions among themselves by
approximating the quark-gluon coupling with the phenomenological Skyrme interaction. The calculation for the nucleon static properties is in good agreement with experimental data.
Manohar-Georgi proposed an effective constituent quark model(MG model) based on QCD, explaining the success of quark models. Recently, Weinberg has shown that the MG model is renormalizable in the large Nc limit of the color number. In this paper, we present a functional QCD analysis of the MG model and propose an effective chiral quark model of the nucleons, which includes the nonlinear interaction between quark-pions and pions among themselves by
approximating the quark-gluon coupling with the phenomenological Skyrme interaction. The calculation for the nucleon static properties is in good agreement with experimental data.
2013, 30(4): 413-419.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.413
Abstract:
For the purpose of on-line beam quality diagnostics and transverse emittance coupling investigation of the ion beams delivered by an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, a real-time 4D Pepper Pot type emittance scanner is under development at IMP(Institute of Moden Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences). The high charge state ECR ion source at IMP could produce CW or pulsed heavy ion beam intensities in the range of 1 eμA∼1 emA with the kinetic energy of 10∼35 keV/q, which needs the design of the Pepper Pot scanner to be optimized accordingly. The Pepper Pot scanner has many features, such as very short response time and wide dynamic working range that the device could be applied. Since intense heavy ion beam bombardment is expected for this device, the structure and the material selection for the device is specially considered during the design, and a feasible solution to analyze the pictures acquired after the data acquisition is also made.
For the purpose of on-line beam quality diagnostics and transverse emittance coupling investigation of the ion beams delivered by an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, a real-time 4D Pepper Pot type emittance scanner is under development at IMP(Institute of Moden Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences). The high charge state ECR ion source at IMP could produce CW or pulsed heavy ion beam intensities in the range of 1 eμA∼1 emA with the kinetic energy of 10∼35 keV/q, which needs the design of the Pepper Pot scanner to be optimized accordingly. The Pepper Pot scanner has many features, such as very short response time and wide dynamic working range that the device could be applied. Since intense heavy ion beam bombardment is expected for this device, the structure and the material selection for the device is specially considered during the design, and a feasible solution to analyze the pictures acquired after the data acquisition is also made.
2013, 30(4): 420-424.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.420
Abstract:
Radio Frequency Quadruple(RFQ) is the most important front-end acceleration structure in linear accelerators.It can focus and accelerate beam in longitudinal and transversal direction, simultaneously. Symmetric of electric field in acceleration aperture is very important for the beam dynamics. To an idea RFQ, there is only quadruple electric field in the acceleration aperture. The dipole field in aperture is harmful and need be as small as possible. The methods to reduce it are studied in a four-rod RFQ and a four-vane RFQ in the article ndependently. To a four-vane RFQ, the symmetrical double-port couplers are employed to counteract the neighboring dipole modes. The availability is confirmed by the simulation with the 3-D Finite Element tool, CST-MWS. And it is also observed by measuring a model-cavity with a symmetrical double-port couplers. To a four-rod RFQ, a new structure of stems is proposed to reduce the dipole mode.
Taking the RFQ for the SSC-LINAC project as example, the dipole mode contributions to the electric filed is completely eliminated by selecting stem’s parameters carefully. It is confirmed by the simulation of CST-MWS. heoretically, this method is independent with the frequency of an RFQ and serves for all RFQs with 4-rod or 4-wane structure.
Radio Frequency Quadruple(RFQ) is the most important front-end acceleration structure in linear accelerators.It can focus and accelerate beam in longitudinal and transversal direction, simultaneously. Symmetric of electric field in acceleration aperture is very important for the beam dynamics. To an idea RFQ, there is only quadruple electric field in the acceleration aperture. The dipole field in aperture is harmful and need be as small as possible. The methods to reduce it are studied in a four-rod RFQ and a four-vane RFQ in the article ndependently. To a four-vane RFQ, the symmetrical double-port couplers are employed to counteract the neighboring dipole modes. The availability is confirmed by the simulation with the 3-D Finite Element tool, CST-MWS. And it is also observed by measuring a model-cavity with a symmetrical double-port couplers. To a four-rod RFQ, a new structure of stems is proposed to reduce the dipole mode.
Taking the RFQ for the SSC-LINAC project as example, the dipole mode contributions to the electric filed is completely eliminated by selecting stem’s parameters carefully. It is confirmed by the simulation of CST-MWS. heoretically, this method is independent with the frequency of an RFQ and serves for all RFQs with 4-rod or 4-wane structure.
2013, 30(4): 425-429.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.425
Abstract:
The phase and amplitude stabilization system of high-frequency voltage on the main cyclotron SSC of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) is introduced. The system composition, negative feedback loop design and other important aspects about the development of the system are particularly presented in this paper. Designing method of digital PLL orthogonal transformation and loop filter of phase and amplitude stabilization are introduced in detail. Control systems of SSC have been tested through a long-term stability experiments, the test method of the parasitic modulation suppression and stabilization in long term is proposed. According to the analyzing data, it shows that phase control accuracy in long term is within 0:014° and the amplitude deviation in long term is lower than 1.29x10-4. Compared with the traditional system, its capability and target is much better.
The phase and amplitude stabilization system of high-frequency voltage on the main cyclotron SSC of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) is introduced. The system composition, negative feedback loop design and other important aspects about the development of the system are particularly presented in this paper. Designing method of digital PLL orthogonal transformation and loop filter of phase and amplitude stabilization are introduced in detail. Control systems of SSC have been tested through a long-term stability experiments, the test method of the parasitic modulation suppression and stabilization in long term is proposed. According to the analyzing data, it shows that phase control accuracy in long term is within 0:014° and the amplitude deviation in long term is lower than 1.29x10-4. Compared with the traditional system, its capability and target is much better.
2013, 30(4): 430-434.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.430
Abstract:
A gadolinium-loaded neutron detection system with 40 liquid scintillators is designed and simulated by using Geant4 Package based on Monte Carlo method. This system with a fission chamber placed in its center is mainly used for the cross section measurement of (n, 2n) reaction of fissile nuclides. We firstly test the physics model, and then calculate and analyze some basic performance of this system. According to the calculation, the detecting efficiency is not sensitive to the inner radius of the detecting system. The efficiency increase with the system thickness at limited thickness value . The calculated results also indicate that the energy of the γ rays emitted from Gd isotope after capturing a thermal neutron is mainly deposited in a few adjacent detectors. Based on above calculations, the thickness and inradius of this detecting system have been preliminarily determined.
A gadolinium-loaded neutron detection system with 40 liquid scintillators is designed and simulated by using Geant4 Package based on Monte Carlo method. This system with a fission chamber placed in its center is mainly used for the cross section measurement of (n, 2n) reaction of fissile nuclides. We firstly test the physics model, and then calculate and analyze some basic performance of this system. According to the calculation, the detecting efficiency is not sensitive to the inner radius of the detecting system. The efficiency increase with the system thickness at limited thickness value . The calculated results also indicate that the energy of the γ rays emitted from Gd isotope after capturing a thermal neutron is mainly deposited in a few adjacent detectors. Based on above calculations, the thickness and inradius of this detecting system have been preliminarily determined.
Design and Optimization of Neutron Moderation Device for Thermal Neutron Analysis Landmine Detection
2013, 30(4): 435-440.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.435
Abstract:
Compared with the traditional landmine detection methods, Thermal Neutron Analysis (TNA) landmine detection has the advantages of high accuracy, low false alarm rate and strong adaptability to the environmental change.But the long detection time restrict the wide application of this technology. In order to shorten the detection time, one possible design of neutron moderation device based on 252Cf neutron source is proposed to enhance the moderated neutron
flux in mine position. The device consists of four parts, the neutron moderator, the neutron reflector, the background shield and the useless neutron absorbing layer. Then, the performance of four widely used materials in neutronics was compared with MCNP5 code, and HDPE was chosen as the neutron moderator material, graphite as the neutron reflector material. The thickness of the useless neutron absorbing layer was optimized at the same time. Finally, an experimental platform of 252Cf neutron moderation device was assembled on the basis of simulation results, and a series of experiments were carried out to optimize the geometric dimensions and evaluate the dose equivalent with two different strengths neutron source, 104 and 107 n/s. The results indicate that this device can effectively enhance the thermal neutron flux at mine position by more than 11 times and ensure the radiation safety.
Compared with the traditional landmine detection methods, Thermal Neutron Analysis (TNA) landmine detection has the advantages of high accuracy, low false alarm rate and strong adaptability to the environmental change.But the long detection time restrict the wide application of this technology. In order to shorten the detection time, one possible design of neutron moderation device based on 252Cf neutron source is proposed to enhance the moderated neutron
flux in mine position. The device consists of four parts, the neutron moderator, the neutron reflector, the background shield and the useless neutron absorbing layer. Then, the performance of four widely used materials in neutronics was compared with MCNP5 code, and HDPE was chosen as the neutron moderator material, graphite as the neutron reflector material. The thickness of the useless neutron absorbing layer was optimized at the same time. Finally, an experimental platform of 252Cf neutron moderation device was assembled on the basis of simulation results, and a series of experiments were carried out to optimize the geometric dimensions and evaluate the dose equivalent with two different strengths neutron source, 104 and 107 n/s. The results indicate that this device can effectively enhance the thermal neutron flux at mine position by more than 11 times and ensure the radiation safety.
Application of Bagging Algorithm Based on Neural Network in Particle Identification in Data Analysis
2013, 30(4): 446-450.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.446
Abstract:
The paper presents the application of neural network and bagging algorithm in experimental high-energy physics and nuclear physics data analysis. Paper also introduces the basic principles of neural network method and bagging algorithm. We use the data samples of quark-gluon jets, which are generated by Monte Carlo generator, to solve the problem of discriminating signal events and background events by the combined algorithm of bagging algorithm and neural network. Experimental results show that, to apply bagging algorithm, neural networks can greatly improve the accuracy of the identification of particles in the experiments of high energy physics and nuclear physical data analysis,and also obtains a larger SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).
The paper presents the application of neural network and bagging algorithm in experimental high-energy physics and nuclear physics data analysis. Paper also introduces the basic principles of neural network method and bagging algorithm. We use the data samples of quark-gluon jets, which are generated by Monte Carlo generator, to solve the problem of discriminating signal events and background events by the combined algorithm of bagging algorithm and neural network. Experimental results show that, to apply bagging algorithm, neural networks can greatly improve the accuracy of the identification of particles in the experiments of high energy physics and nuclear physical data analysis,and also obtains a larger SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).
2013, 30(4): 451-459.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.451
Abstract:
Numerous studies show that interface can serve as effective sinks for radiation-induced defects such as interstitials and vacancies. Owning a large number of interfaces, multilayer nanofilms attract a great research interest. In this paper, we review recent research progress on the development of the multilayer nanofilms for the purpose of radiation tolerance. The paper includes following parts: how to design and prepare multilayer nanofilms materials; evaluation with radiation simulation, such as neutron irradiation, ion irradiation and multi-beam ion irradiation; behaviors of multilayer nanofilms under ion beam irradiation, such as microstructure evolution and changes in mechanical properties; theoretical study on the mechanism of radiation tolerance of multilayer nanofilms. Finally, the challenge and future research directions are briefly discussed.
Numerous studies show that interface can serve as effective sinks for radiation-induced defects such as interstitials and vacancies. Owning a large number of interfaces, multilayer nanofilms attract a great research interest. In this paper, we review recent research progress on the development of the multilayer nanofilms for the purpose of radiation tolerance. The paper includes following parts: how to design and prepare multilayer nanofilms materials; evaluation with radiation simulation, such as neutron irradiation, ion irradiation and multi-beam ion irradiation; behaviors of multilayer nanofilms under ion beam irradiation, such as microstructure evolution and changes in mechanical properties; theoretical study on the mechanism of radiation tolerance of multilayer nanofilms. Finally, the challenge and future research directions are briefly discussed.
2013, 30(4): 460-463.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.460
Abstract:
AlN thin film irradiated with 100 MeV 238U ions delivered from HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectra, Raman spectra and Photoluminescence spectra. Phonon vibration absorption modes including A1(To), A1(Lo), E1(To) and E2 appeared in the irradiated samples. The irradiation made the Al—N bonds broken and the formation of Al—dangling bonds, which combined soon with oxygen atoms existing in air to form Al—O bonds. Blue light emission band are related to the two types of defects of VAl-ON-3N and VAl-2ON-2N and F-type defects aggregation. Green light emission band is due to energy transition among valence band of Al atoms in sapphire substrate.
AlN thin film irradiated with 100 MeV 238U ions delivered from HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectra, Raman spectra and Photoluminescence spectra. Phonon vibration absorption modes including A1(To), A1(Lo), E1(To) and E2 appeared in the irradiated samples. The irradiation made the Al—N bonds broken and the formation of Al—dangling bonds, which combined soon with oxygen atoms existing in air to form Al—O bonds. Blue light emission band are related to the two types of defects of VAl-ON-3N and VAl-2ON-2N and F-type defects aggregation. Green light emission band is due to energy transition among valence band of Al atoms in sapphire substrate.
2013, 30(4): 464-470.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.464
Abstract:
For the purpose of detecting the sensitive parts of an embedded atom method(EAM) potential which is considered to be used in molecular dynamics simulation of radiation effects of Zirconium, we introduce a modulation function to modify the pairwise potential and the atomic electron-density distribution of the EAM potential. Based on the modified potential function, the formation energies of the self-interstitial atom (SIA) and the vacancy atom are calculated as well as the displacement threshold energy of primary knock-on atom (PKA). The results indicate that the short range part of the pairwise potential has more greater influence on the SIAs formation than the vacancy formation. The defect formation energies are also very sensitive to the behavior of the atomic electron-density function in the range which is close to the cutoff distance. The displacement threshold is sensitive to the short range behaviors of both the airwise potential and the atomic electron-density function, however, the sensitivity is strongly dependent on the crystal-direction.
For the purpose of detecting the sensitive parts of an embedded atom method(EAM) potential which is considered to be used in molecular dynamics simulation of radiation effects of Zirconium, we introduce a modulation function to modify the pairwise potential and the atomic electron-density distribution of the EAM potential. Based on the modified potential function, the formation energies of the self-interstitial atom (SIA) and the vacancy atom are calculated as well as the displacement threshold energy of primary knock-on atom (PKA). The results indicate that the short range part of the pairwise potential has more greater influence on the SIAs formation than the vacancy formation. The defect formation energies are also very sensitive to the behavior of the atomic electron-density function in the range which is close to the cutoff distance. The displacement threshold is sensitive to the short range behaviors of both the airwise potential and the atomic electron-density function, however, the sensitivity is strongly dependent on the crystal-direction.
2013, 30(4): 471-476.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.471
Abstract:
Abstract：Cz n-type Si (100) wafers were singly or sequentially implanted at room temperature with 130 keV B ions at a fluence of 5x1014 cm-2 and 55 keV H ions at a fluence of 1x1016 cm-2. The implantation-induced defects were investigated in detail by using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and slow positron annihilation technique (SPAT). XTEM results clearly show that sequential implantation of B and H ions into Si could eliminate the (111) platelets and promote growth of (100) platelets during annealing. SPAT
measurements demonstrate that in B and H sequentially implanted and annealed Si, more vacancy-type defects could remain in sample region around the range of B ions. These results indicat e that the promotion effect should
be attributed to the role of both B and B implanted induced vacancy-type defects.
Abstract：Cz n-type Si (100) wafers were singly or sequentially implanted at room temperature with 130 keV B ions at a fluence of 5x1014 cm-2 and 55 keV H ions at a fluence of 1x1016 cm-2. The implantation-induced defects were investigated in detail by using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and slow positron annihilation technique (SPAT). XTEM results clearly show that sequential implantation of B and H ions into Si could eliminate the (111) platelets and promote growth of (100) platelets during annealing. SPAT
measurements demonstrate that in B and H sequentially implanted and annealed Si, more vacancy-type defects could remain in sample region around the range of B ions. These results indicat e that the promotion effect should
be attributed to the role of both B and B implanted induced vacancy-type defects.
2013, 30(4): 477-4482.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.477
Abstract:
To investigate the M1 biological effects of heavy ions on Isatis indigotica Fort, its dry seeds were irradiated by 12C6+ beam with the dose of 0, 10, 35, 60, 90 and 140 Gy respectively，at the rate of 20 Gy/min delivered by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The results showed that biological characters such as germinating rate, germinating potential, survival rate, plant height, root height and root-shoot ratio were changed after irradiation. Moreover, the plant height and root height decreased in a dos dependent manner. The indirubin and 4(3H) quinazolinone content of Isatis indigotica Fort was improved and exhibited obviously “saddle” trends with irradiation dose increasing.Data suggest that exposure with low-dose 12C6+ to seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort has obvious injury effects at the first generation, and the active ingredient content of Isatis indigotica Fort may be improved by carbon ion beamirradiation. It is concluded that the suitable irradiation dose of mutation breeding is 35 Gy for the seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort.
To investigate the M1 biological effects of heavy ions on Isatis indigotica Fort, its dry seeds were irradiated by 12C6+ beam with the dose of 0, 10, 35, 60, 90 and 140 Gy respectively，at the rate of 20 Gy/min delivered by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The results showed that biological characters such as germinating rate, germinating potential, survival rate, plant height, root height and root-shoot ratio were changed after irradiation. Moreover, the plant height and root height decreased in a dos dependent manner. The indirubin and 4(3H) quinazolinone content of Isatis indigotica Fort was improved and exhibited obviously “saddle” trends with irradiation dose increasing.Data suggest that exposure with low-dose 12C6+ to seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort has obvious injury effects at the first generation, and the active ingredient content of Isatis indigotica Fort may be improved by carbon ion beamirradiation. It is concluded that the suitable irradiation dose of mutation breeding is 35 Gy for the seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort.
2013, 30(4): 483-487.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.483
Abstract:
Heavy 12C6+ ion beams in various high doses were employed to irradiate H3001 strain for screening Aspergillus niger strain for hyper citric acid production. Three high-yield strains were obtained after shaker fermentation test. Among the three strains, the strain hw317 was implemented shaker fermentation for stability test and 10~100 L pilot fermentation tank for citric acid productive maximization. Acid-base neutralization method was applied to determinate the content of citric acid in fermented liquid. The results showed that: when the secondary heavy ion 12C6+ dose was 857.8 Gy, both of the fatality rate (94.5%) and the positive mutation rate (8%) were highest. Through the shaker fermentation tests and 10 ~ 100 L pilot fermentation test, one strain hw317 was screened and obtained for hyper citric acid production. Consequently, the final citric acid acidity can reach up to 19.2±0.2% with controlling fermentation cycle for 60 h.
Heavy 12C6+ ion beams in various high doses were employed to irradiate H3001 strain for screening Aspergillus niger strain for hyper citric acid production. Three high-yield strains were obtained after shaker fermentation test. Among the three strains, the strain hw317 was implemented shaker fermentation for stability test and 10~100 L pilot fermentation tank for citric acid productive maximization. Acid-base neutralization method was applied to determinate the content of citric acid in fermented liquid. The results showed that: when the secondary heavy ion 12C6+ dose was 857.8 Gy, both of the fatality rate (94.5%) and the positive mutation rate (8%) were highest. Through the shaker fermentation tests and 10 ~ 100 L pilot fermentation test, one strain hw317 was screened and obtained for hyper citric acid production. Consequently, the final citric acid acidity can reach up to 19.2±0.2% with controlling fermentation cycle for 60 h.
2013, 30(4): 488-493.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.488
Abstract:
The hypoxia environment on the cells and mitochondria, and the damage of normal cells mitochondrial respiratory chain in hypoxia and its relationship with tumors are reviewed. In addition, the tumor radiation resistance mechanism in hypoxia are summarized. It also expounds that mitochondria, as energy supply organelles for cells, are related to tumor cells growth, invasion and metastasis in hypoxia environment, besides, it gives a brief introduction to the mitochondria study of the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences with heavy ion irradiation, including effects of different dose of heavy ion on mitochondrial DNA superhelix conformation and function of mitochondria,
and the influence on mitochondrial DNA 4 977 damage cumulation in different time after the same dose of heavy ion irradiation.
The hypoxia environment on the cells and mitochondria, and the damage of normal cells mitochondrial respiratory chain in hypoxia and its relationship with tumors are reviewed. In addition, the tumor radiation resistance mechanism in hypoxia are summarized. It also expounds that mitochondria, as energy supply organelles for cells, are related to tumor cells growth, invasion and metastasis in hypoxia environment, besides, it gives a brief introduction to the mitochondria study of the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences with heavy ion irradiation, including effects of different dose of heavy ion on mitochondrial DNA superhelix conformation and function of mitochondria,
and the influence on mitochondrial DNA 4 977 damage cumulation in different time after the same dose of heavy ion irradiation.
2013, 30(4): 494-502.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.494
Abstract:
Human normal liver cell line HL-7702 cells were irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) 12C6+ ions and low-LET X-rays, respectively. Delayed effect in terms of microsatellite instability (MSI) in progenies of the directly irradiated cells and bystander cells, obtained in the way of medium transfer at the 8th passage postirradiation,were examined. The delayed effect induced by the high-LET 12C6+ ions was different from that induced by the low-LET X-rays, and a higher incidence of MSI was observed in the progenies of the cells after exposure to the X-rays than to the 12C6+ ions. We also found that the delayed effect in the progenies of the bystander cells was much more severe than those
of directly irradiated cells. Furthermore, the events of MSI and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) induced by the ionizing radiations were not randomly distributed throughout the genome and specific loci existed indeed. These results imply that the radiation risk to normal tissues is lower in heavy ion therapy than in conventional X-ray radiotherapy, and the analysis of microsatellite loci with MSI high frequency occurrence can be applied to access long-term survival condition and second cancer risk for the patients after radiotherapy.
Human normal liver cell line HL-7702 cells were irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) 12C6+ ions and low-LET X-rays, respectively. Delayed effect in terms of microsatellite instability (MSI) in progenies of the directly irradiated cells and bystander cells, obtained in the way of medium transfer at the 8th passage postirradiation,were examined. The delayed effect induced by the high-LET 12C6+ ions was different from that induced by the low-LET X-rays, and a higher incidence of MSI was observed in the progenies of the cells after exposure to the X-rays than to the 12C6+ ions. We also found that the delayed effect in the progenies of the bystander cells was much more severe than those
of directly irradiated cells. Furthermore, the events of MSI and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) induced by the ionizing radiations were not randomly distributed throughout the genome and specific loci existed indeed. These results imply that the radiation risk to normal tissues is lower in heavy ion therapy than in conventional X-ray radiotherapy, and the analysis of microsatellite loci with MSI high frequency occurrence can be applied to access long-term survival condition and second cancer risk for the patients after radiotherapy.
2013, 30(4): 503-510.
doi: 10.11804/NuclPhysRev.30.04.503
Abstract:
The analytical form of the Green’s functions of the inhomogeneous diffusion equation for neutrons are obtained using the Fourier method. The neutron flux distributions with the external neutron source locatedat arbitrary positions are calculated from the Green’s functions. In a subcritical system, the ependences of the subcritical multiplication factor ks on the source position and the core size with the fixed subcriticality keff are analyzed based on the series solution. It is found that ks decreases with the core size. Although this variation is small, the energy gain is sensitive to ks and then the core size, which has to be taken into account in the design of the source driven subcritical system.
The analytical form of the Green’s functions of the inhomogeneous diffusion equation for neutrons are obtained using the Fourier method. The neutron flux distributions with the external neutron source locatedat arbitrary positions are calculated from the Green’s functions. In a subcritical system, the ependences of the subcritical multiplication factor ks on the source position and the core size with the fixed subcriticality keff are analyzed based on the series solution. It is found that ks decreases with the core size. Although this variation is small, the energy gain is sensitive to ks and then the core size, which has to be taken into account in the design of the source driven subcritical system.
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