斑马鱼胚胎在电离辐射生物学研究中的应用

Key words: 
• zebrafish /
• embryo /
• radiation /
• cytotoxicity /
• DNA damage /
• radiation agents

Abstract: 

斑马鱼胚胎最初为研究发育生物学与分子遗传学的重要模式动物，20 世纪90 年代关于斑马鱼胚胎研究的文章每年不足100 篇，到本世纪初期已上升到每年1 000 余篇，目前这个数字正呈指数增长，斑马鱼胚胎的研究范围与应用价值正也随之逐步提升。该文综述了斑马鱼胚胎在电离辐射研究领域中的应用，包括电离辐射诱导斑马鱼的毒性作用、电离辐射引起的DNA损伤及其信号转导机制，以及利用斑马鱼对辐射防护剂与增敏剂进行评价。在此基础上还特别介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所利用斑马鱼胚胎在放射生物学研究上取得的进展，其中包括一种具有物理激发、化学刺激作用的线粒体内活性氧(ROS) 诱导剂，在非条件刺激下利用斑马鱼检测该物质的毒性，发现6 10 μL/mL 的该物质无胚胎发育毒性，然而，在一定波长的光刺激下可造成DNA双链断裂，在理论上是一种潜在的辐射增敏剂。

Zebrafish embryo is a classic animal model to study developmental and molecular biology. The relatedworks using zebrafish embryo arise from less than 100 papers per year in 90 s to more than 1 000 papers per year at the beginning of 21st century. The research scope and application value of zebrafish embryo in biology studies are gradually extending, along with the exponential increase of related papers. Here, the applications of zebrafish embryo in the field of radiation biology are reviewed, including radiation-induced toxicity, signal transduction in response to radiation-induced DNA damage, and the assessment of radio-protection and radiosensitizers, respectively. The progress in radiation biology employing zebrafish embryo in Institute of Modern Physics has also been reported, includinga novel mitochondrial reactive oxygen species inducer, which can be triggered by exogenous physical signal and exert chemical stimulation. This inducer shows no obvious embryo toxicity to zebrafish under 10 μL/mL. It can induce DNA double strand breaks if activated by certain wavelength of lights. Itisa potential radiosensitizerin theory.